Calcium bromate hypochlorite

Hypobromites, the salts of hypobromous acid, do not keep well because they gradually disproportionate to bromide and bromate. Solutions are best prepared as needed from bromine and alkafl with cooling. Because disproportionation is catalyzed by cobalt, nickel, and copper (70), these impurities should be avoided. SoHd alkaline earth hypobromites, or more properly, bromide hypobromites such as calcium bromide hypobromite [67530-61 CaBr(OBr), have been known for many years, but the pure crystalline hydrates sodium hypobromite pentahydrate [13824-96-9] NaOBr 5H20, and potassium hypobromite tribydrate [13824-97-0], KOBr 3H20, were not described until 1952 (71). Hypobromites are strong bleaching agents, similar to hypochlorites. 

Ignites on contact with metal oxides (e.g., barium peroxide, chromium trioxide, copper oxide, lead dioxide, manganese dioxide, nickel oxide, silver(I) oxide, silver(II) oxide, sodium peroxide, thallium(III) oxide, mercury oxide, calcium oxide, nickel oxide), oxidants (e.g., silver bromate, heptasilver nitrate octaoxide, dibismuth dichromium nonaoxide, mercury(I) bromate, lead(II) hypochlorite, copper chromate, fluorine, nitric acid, sodium peroxide, lead(IV) oxide), rust, soda-lime + air. Reacts violently with NI3, NF3, p-bromobenzenediazonium chloride, OF2, F2, Cu, CIO, BrFs,... 

The oxidation of bromide to bromine, and the bromination of Phenol Red are carried out in a weakly alkaline medium [1], Calcium hypochlorite can be used as oxidizing agent. The periods of time specified for oxidation (2 min) and for bromination (4 min) must be adhered to strictly (see procedure below). With longer oxidation, bromine is oxidized to bromate. 

BENSULFOID (7704-34-9) Combustible solid (flash point 405°F/207°C). Finely divided dry materia forms explosive mixture with air. The vapor reacts violently with lithium carbide. Reacts violently with many substances, including strong oxidizers, aluminum powders, boron, bromine pentafluoride, bromine trifluoride, calcium hypochlorite, carbides, cesium, chlorates, chlorine dioxide, chlorine trifluoride, chromic acid, chromyl chloride, dichlorine oxide, diethylzinc, fluorine, halogen compounds, hexalithium disilicide, lampblack, lead chlorite, lead dioxide, lithium, powdered nickel, nickel catalysis, red phosphorus, phosphorus trioxide, potassium, potassium chlorite, potassium iodate, potassium peroxoferrate, rubidium acetylide, ruthenium tetraoxide, sodium, sodium chlorite, sodium peroxide, tin, uranium, zinc, zinc(II) nitrate, hexahydrate. Forms heat-, friction-, impact-, and shock-sensitive explosive or pyrophoric mixtures with ammonia, ammonium nitrate, barium bromate, bromates, calcium carbide, charcoal, hydrocarbons, iodates, iodine pentafluoride, iodine penloxide, iron, lead chromate, mercurous oxide, mercury nitrate, mercury oxide, nitryl fluoride, nitrogen dioxide, inorganic perchlorates, potassium bromate, potassium nitride, potassium perchlorate, silver nitrate, sodium hydride, sulfur dichloride. Incompatible with barium carbide, calcium, calcium carbide, calcium phosphide, chromates, chromic acid, chromic... 

Manufacturing processes will continue to evolve with incremental improvements, with an emphasis on the continuous production of sodium and calcium hypochlorites. Improvements will also be made to improve purity and control by-products such as chlorate and bromate. Partly, this will involve changes to raw materials such as the eventual elimination of mercury cell caustic and the use of brine with minimal bromide. Improvements in equipment that combine the generation of chlorine and the preparation of sodium hypochlorite will also continue. 

Oxidation of 1,4-Dihydropyridines to Pyridines with Stoichiometric Oxidants Many of the known stoichiometric oxidants were examined in the oxidation of 1,4-dihydropyridines to the corresponding pyridines. Thus, halogen-based oxidants, such as potassium bromate [251], sodium chlorite [252], calcium hypochlorite [253], iodic acid [254], its anhydride [255], iodine chloride [256], or hypervalent iodine species [257], give good results (Scheme 13.144). 

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