Hypochlorite calcium hypochlorite

MIcrobiocldes. There are several microbiocides available commercially that can perform an effective function in controlling microbial activity. Some of these chemicals are inorganic, such as chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, chromates and compounds of mercury and silver. However, the organic chemicals find the highest use as microbiocides. Some examples of these organic compounds are peracetic acid, paraformaldehyde, polychlorophenols and quaternary ammonium derivatives, to name a few [208]. 

Biofouling control Chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, ozone... 

The sum of chlorine gas, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, hydochlorous acid, and hypochlorite ion is known as the free or free available chlorine. Most polyamide composite membranes have little tolerance for free chlorine they can tolerate about 200 - 1,000 ppm-hrs of exposure (e.g., 200 hours at 1 ppm of free chlorine) before rejection drops to unacceptable levels. While the pretreatment to RO should have a free chlorine residual of about 0.5 to lppm, the influent to the RO must be dechlorinated to bring the free chlorine concentration down to less than 0.02 ppm. 

Chemical oxidizing agents have been used for the control of organic residues in wastewaters and in potable water treatment. Among the organics for which oxidative treatment has been reported are aldehydes, mercaptans, benzidine, and unsaturated acids. For these applications, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen peroxide have been reported as effective oxidants. In one application nitrous acid was used. 

There are various methods of chlorinating water, for example with gaseous chlorine or with such hypochlorite preparations as sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite or chlorinated lime, but also using other chlorine compounds such as chlorine dioxide. 

There are two classes of chlorine commonly used in swimming pools referred to as unstabilized and stabilized. To protect hypochlorous acid from UV degradation cyanuric acid is added to the water. Whether the cyanuric acid is supplied endogenously by the product (stabilized) or whether the cyanuric acid must be added separately (unstabilized) distinguishes the classes. Unstabilized chlorine compounds are chlorine gas, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite and lithium hypochlorite. Stabilized chlorine compounds are chlorinated forms of cyanuric acids, sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione (dichlor) and trichloro-s-triazinetrione (trichlor). It is important to never mix stabilized and unstabilized chlorine products because they are not compatible and can be combustible when mixed as concentrates. 

Unstabilized chlorines. Chlorine gas, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, and lithium hypochlorite do not contain cyanuric acid as part of its makeup and are classified as unstabilized. However, they can be stabilized with the addition of 25 to 150 ppm of cyanuric acid directly to the pool. 

Calcium Hypochlorite Calcium Hypochlorite Carbonic Acid Diethyl Ester Diethyl Carbonate... 

Calcium Hypochlorite calcium hypochlorite wash 23 90 5 Conditionally stable 3 Trogamid T Huls America Specimen 4 mm (0.158 in) thick sample for weight change... 

Precaution Wear chemical safety glasses, mbber gloves, long sleeved clothing incompat. with oxidizing agents, reactive metals, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite... 

Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) > 2000 mg/kg, (skin, rabbit) > 1000 mg/kg (est.) harmful by skin contact mild eye irritant may cause skin sensitization TSCA listed Precaution Combustible wear chemical safety glasses, rubber gloves impervious clothing incompat. with oxidizing agents, reactive metals, sodium hypochlorites, calcium hypochlorite... 

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