Caffeine, Nicotine, and Alcohol

Brecher, M. (1972). In E.M. Brecher (Ed.), Licit and Illicit Drugs The Consumers Union Report on Narcotics, stimulants, depressants, inhalants, hallucinogens marijuana— including caffeine, nicotine and alcohol (335-393). Mount Vernon, New York Consumers Union. 

Common, non-prescription substances such as caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol often cause sleeping difficulties [41]. In addition, a number of prescribed medications and illegal substances can cause insomnia, depending on factors such as amount used, time of usage, and individual response. Types of drugs that can cause insomnia include energizing antidepressants, anti-hypertensives, bronchodilators, diuretics, beta-blockers, and corticosteroids. 

Brecher, E.M. and the editors of Consumer Reports. Licit and Illicit Drugs The Consumer Union Report on Narcotics, Stimulants, Depressants, Inhalants, Hallucinogens, and Marijuana—Including Caffeine, Nicotine and Alcohol. Boston Little, Brown and Company, 1972., pp. 309-34. 

Behavioral and Psychological Effects Interactions among Caffeine, Nicotine, and Alcohol... 

Caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol arc the world s most popular drugs, and many people use them in combination (Koslowski ct al., 1993 Steptoe 8c Wardle, 1999). An important question, therefore, is what the interactive effects of these compounds are. It seems, for example, that smokers smoke fewer cigarettes after they drink coffee compared with when they have not had coffee (Hepplc 8c Robson, 1996). This effect is stronger for lighter caffeine users. Another effect of nicotine is in the excretion of... 

Because caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol are used by many people in some combination, knowing how each of these drugs interacts with the other two is important. 

Limit eating and drinking before bedtime — avoid caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol, but have a light snack to ease himger pains. 

Reduction or discontinuation of alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, and drugs of abuse... 

Avoid alcohol and stimulants (caffeine, nicotine) in the late afternoon and evening. 

Falk, J. L., Zhang, J., Chen, R., and Lau, C. E., A schedule induction probe technique for evaluating abuse potential Comparison of ethanol, nicotine and caffeine, and caffeine-midazolam interaction. Special Issue Behavioural pharmacology of alcohol. Behavioural Pharmacology 5(4-5), 513-520, 1994. 

Foltin, R. W., The importance of drug self-administration studies in the analysis of abuse liability An analysis of caffeine, nicotine, anabolic steroids, and designer drugs. Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Psychiatrists in Alcoholism and Addictions (1990, Santa Monica, California). American Journal on Addictions Spr Vol 1(2), 139-149, 1992. 

See Chap. 68, Substance-Related Disorders Overview and Depressants, Stimulants, and Hallucinogens, authored by Paul L. Doering and Lisa Boothby, and Chap. 69, Substance-Related Disorders Alcohol, Nicotine, and Caffeine, authored by Paul L. Doering, W. Klugh Kennedy, and Lisa A. Boothby, for a more detailed discussion of the topic. 

First of all, cut out the junk. Go easy on caffeine and nicotine, and eliminate alcohol from your system at least two weeks before the exam. 

In previous chapters, we examined drugs specifically intended to keep you awake (such as caffeine) and drugs that are specifically intended to help you sleep (such as benzodiazepines). There are, however, many medications that are taken for the purpose of treating other medical conditions—allergies, high blood pressure, epilepsy, obesity, chronic pain, and psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and depression—that also can affect your sleep. In addition, addictive drugs such as alcohol, nicotine, and cocaine have strong effects on sleep. 

Alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine are the drugs of choice among teens. While the first two are illegal drugs for minors, they are far more socially acceptable than marijuana, LSD, heroin, speed, and drugs that are illegal for adults, too. Caffeine is so well accepted that many people are surprised to learn that it is a drug. 

The next study by Lowe (1988) was the same as the first except that 16 undergraduate coffee and alcohol drinkers participated and caffeine was substituted for nicotine. The results of this study shov ed state-dependent effects for alcohol and caffeine. Because the major recall decrements occurred in people who had no caffeine the second day even if they drank alcohol, it seems the state-dependent effect u as mostly due to caffeine. 

In the preceding chapter we said alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine are the most popular psychoactive drugs. Of the three, alcohol has been known, manufactured, and used the longest by far. Most important, diis drug has had profound influences on the societies around the world in which it is used. Alcohol actually refers to several substances—for example, isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol), methyl alcohol (wood alcohol), and ethanol. Ethanol is the alcohol we drink, and in this text the word alcohol means ethanol unless otherwise specified. 

Alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine are considered by most to be socially acceptable drugs, yet they impose an enormous social and economic cost on our society. More than 440,000 deaths each year are attributable to tobacco use, making tobacco the number one preventable cause of death and disease in this country. Smoking is responsible for 85% of all lung cancer deaths, approximately 80% of aU chronic obstructive pulmonary disease deaths, and 30% of overall health disease deaths. ... 

CHAPTER 65 SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS ALCOHOL, NICOTINE, AND CAFFEINE 1195... 

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