Cadmium intoxication

Xu, C., Holscher, M.A, Jones, M.M., Singh, P.K. (1995). Effect of monoisoamyl meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinate on the pathology of acute cadmium intoxication. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 45 261-77. 

TakebayashI S. First autopsy case, suspicious of cadmium intoxication, from the cadmium-polluted area in Tsushima, Nagasaki Prefecture. In Cadmium-induced osteopathy. Shigematsu I, Nomiyama K(editors). Japan Public Health Association,Tokyo 1980 p. 124-138. 

Alexidis AN, Rekka EA, Kourounakis PN. 1994. Influence of mercury and cadmium intoxication on hepatic microsomal CYP2E and subfamilies. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 85(l) 67-72... 

Dundjerski, J., T. Kovac, N. Pavkovic, A. Cvoro and G. Matic. Glucocorticoid receptor-Hsp90 interaction in the liver cytosol of cadmium-intoxicated rats. Cell Biol. Toxicol. 16 375-383, 2000. 

Wlodarczyk B, Biernacki B, Minta M, et al. 1995. Male golden hamster in male reproductive toxicology testing Assessment of protective activity of selenium in acute cadmium intoxication. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 54 907-912. 

Zinc carbonate (0.6 to 5ppb seawater 5 to lOppb river water) has moderate solubility as a carbonate (21 mg/100 mL) (73). Zinc compounds are not particularly hazardous above certain limits they may be toxic and irritating. The maximum level allowed in sludge from wastewater is 3 g/kg. The predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) for ecotoxicological effects was 50 p g/L (5 pg/lOOmL) dissolved zinc (73). Current values are not a very serious risk. High zinc levels protect against cadmium intoxication and reduce lead absorption. Pockets of historical contamination exist (73). 

Interaction of trace metals with one another or with other ions Mg as calcium antagonist, A1 binding phosphate in renal insufficiency, Zn interacting with copper (reduction of copper storage in Wilson s disease) and with cadmium intoxication, Se protecting against mercury intoxication, etc. [43,50,60,64]. 

Bozelka BE, Burkholder PM (1979) Increased mortality of cadmium-intoxicated mice infected with BCG strain of mycobacterium bovis. J. Reticuloendothelial Soc. 26 229-237... 

Garry VF, Pohlman BL, Wick MR, Garvey JS, Zeisler R (1986) Chronic cadmium intoxication tissue response in an occupationally exposed patient. Am J Ind Med 10 153-161... 

Jokstad A, Thomassen Y, Bye E, Clench-Aas J, Aaseth J (1992) Dental amalgam and mercury. Pharmacol Toxicol 70 308-313 Jones MM (1991) New developments in therapeutic chelating agents as antidotes for metal poisoning. CRC Crit Rev Toxicol 21 209-233 Jones SG, Basinger MA, Jones MM, Gibbs SG (1982) A comparison of diethyldi-thiocarbamate and EDTA as antidotes for acute cadmium intoxication. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 38 271-278 Joyce DA (1989) o-Penicillamine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in man. Pharmacol Ther 42 405-427... 

Electron microscopy of sensory ganglia jifter acute cadmium intoxication has shown that the endothelial cells are damaged at... 

Most authors agree that the damage to nerve cells in ganglia after acute cadmium intoxication is secondary to the vascular lesions.In vivO it is almost impossible to discriminate the direct toxic actions of cadmium on nerve cells from the effects of vascular damage. In tissue cultures however the vascular effects... 

Perineurial cells have some features in common with endothelial cells, namely the ft quency of pinocytotic vesicles, the presence of a basement membrane and similar junctions between adjacent cells. Acute cadmium intoxication in mice did not, however, produce any degeneration of perineurial cells in nerves or peripheral ganglia and the perineurial diffusion barrier was intact also in cadmium-treated animals. ... 

The hemorrhagic lesions in peripheral sensory ganglia of adult animals seem to be a specific feature of acute cadmium intoxication, whereas vascular damage to the immature CNS may also be produced by several other heavy metals. Thus, acute lead intoxication in rats led to hemorrhages and edema of the brain and chlorides of indium, terbium, thallium, and mercury can induce similar lesions in newborn rats. ... 

Gabbiani, G., Badonnel, M.-C., Mathewson, S.M. and Ryan, G.B. (1974) Acute cadmium intoxication. Early selective lesions of endothelial clefts. Lab. Invest. 30, 686-695. 

Schlaepfer, W.W. (1971) Sequential study of endothelial changes in acute cadmium intoxication. Lab Invest. 25, 556-564. 

Hata, A., Tsunoo, H., Nakajima, H., Shintaku, K. and Kimura, M. (1980) Acute cadmium intoxication in inbred mice A study on strain differences. Chem-Biol Interactions 32, 29-39. 

Tsujii, H. and Hoshishima, K. (1979) The effect of the administration of trace amounts of metals to pregnant mice upon the behavior and learning of their offspring. J. Fac. Agric. Shinshu U. 16, 13-27. Tsunoo, H., Nakajima, H., Hata, A. and Kimura, M. (1979) Genetic influence on induction of metallothionein and mortality from cadmium intoxication. To dcology Lett. 4, 253-256. 

Jones M, Basinger M, Topping R, Gale G, Jones S, Holscher M (1988) Meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid and sodium iV-benzyl-iV-dithiocarboxy-D-glucamine as antagonists for cadmium intoxication. Arch Toxicol 62 29-36. 

The pathological condition induced by exposing an organism to a toxic substance depends on the mode of admission, the quantity, and the type of dosage (acute or chronic). Urine profiling by p-cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic capillary electrophoresis was used by Zomer et al. to identify the type of cadmium intoxication (acute or chronic).Their dataset of 96 samples was split into a learning set of 60 samples and a test set of 36 samples. Discriminant analysis applied to the first six principal components had better results on the test set (96.97% correctly classified) than did SVM trained on the original measured data (75.76% correctly classified). 

Figure 22. Typical power-time curve for the action of cadmium intoxication on a freshwater snail Planorbis comeus). At the arrow, contaminated water is introduced to the sorption chamber at a higher flow rate to guarantee for a quick and effective water exchange. The bar near the ordinate indicates the standard deviation for a superposition of 3 individual traces [182].

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