Cable compound

Stabilizers. Lead stabilizers, particularly tribasic lead sulfate, is commonly used in plasticized wire and cable compounds because of its good nonconducting electrical properties (122). 

BeU Laboratories studied wire and cable compounds made of PVC or other halogen-based compounds vs halogen-free compounds and found that neither type of material presented a clearcut advantage in a fire, and that the halogenated compounds sometimes outperformed the nonhalogenated products in terms of creating less corrosion (193). 

Elexar Shell linear EB wine and cable compounds... 

Kabel-lack. m. cable dope, -litze, /. (Elec.) cable strand, -miachung, /. (Rubber) cable stock, -ol, n. cable oil. -schmiere,/. cable compound, -teer, m. cable tar. -vergnss-masse, /. cable compound, -wachs, n. cable wax. 

Samples are normally exposed in a vertical orientation. If samples melt and drip, the heat can be redirected, by means of a system of aluminum foil mirrors, towards a horizontal sample. Many of the materials used for the series of experiments reported here melted excessively, away from the flame. Therefore, vertical burns were impossible for them, without distorting the data. All the materials investigated in the OSU RHR calorimeter, with the exception of the experimental flexible vinyl wire and cable compound, were, thus, exposed horizontally. 

Akron, Oh., ACS Rubber Division, 2004, Paper 19, pp.10, ISSN 1547-1977, 28cm, 012 NEED FOR LOW LEAD WIRE AND CABLE COMPOUNDS... 

Assn, of European Producers of Flame Retardant Olefinic Cable Compounds (Institute of Materials)... 

Briggs, C.C., Bhardwaj, B., and Gilbert, M., Flame retardant PVC cable compounds using huntite-hydromagnesite, Paper 9.51, Proceedings of 5th BPF International Fillers Conference, May 19-20, Manchester, U.K., 1992. 

Cone calorimetry according to the ASTM E1354138 or ISO 5660139 standards are commonly used in the laboratory to screen flammability of materials by measuring heat release characteristics of the compound.116140 This device is similar to FPA but does not have the versatility of FPA. The cone calorimeter can determine the ignitability, heat release rates, effective heat of combustion, visible smoke, and C02 and CO development of cable materials. This test has been used extensively for wire and cable material evaluation. The microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC), also known as pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter (PCFC), was recently introduced to the industry for screening heat release characteristics of FR materials.141142 This device only requires milligram quantities of test specimen to measure the heat release capacity (maximum heat release potential). Cone calorimetry and MCC have been used in product development for flammability screening of wire and cable compounds.118... 

Correlations were also established between UL 94, LOI, MCC, and cone calorimetry for both halogenated and nonhalogenated FR wire and cable compounds.149 The study (Figure 26.5) indicated that LOI has poor correlation with MCC parameters due to different flame combustion mechanisms in the LOI (incomplete combustion) and the MCC (forced complete combustion) tests. This correlation was improved by taking into account the burning efficiencies (i.e., combustion and heat transfer efficiencies) of the polymer compounds.150... 

FIGURE 26.5 Relationships between LOI and HRC for pure polymers and FR compounds. (From Lin, T.S. et al., Correlations between microscale combustion calorimetry and conventional flammability tests for flame retardant wire and cable compounds, in Proceedings of 56th International Wire and Cable Symposium, 2007, pp. 176-185.) The LOI-HRC relationship for pure polymers is obtained from the literature. (From Lyon, R.E. and Janssens, M.L., Polymer flammability, Final Report DOT/FAA/AR-05/14 May, 2005.)... 

As one can see from the above discussion, establishing correlation between bench-scale flammability and cable flame tests is a difficult task because of complicated chemical and physical processes involved in the burning and combustion of polymer materials and cables. Much research is still needed to understand fundamental processes governing the flaming combustion of wire and cable compounds in actual cable designs and cable bundles in a given environment. 

Hirschler, M.M. and Grand, A.F., Comparison of the smoke toxicity of four vinyl wire and cable compounds using different test methods Fire Mater., 1993, 17, 79-90. 

Cogen, J.M., Jow, J., Lin, T.S., and Whaley, P.D., New approaches to halogen free polyolefin flame retardant wire and cable compounds, in Proceedings of the 52nd IWCS/Focus International Wire Cable Symposium, Philadelphia, PA, 2003, pp. 102-107. 

Chen, T. and Isarov, A., New magnesium hydroxides enabling low-smoke cable compounds, Proceedings of 56th International Wire and Cable. Symposium, Lake Buena Vista, FL 2007, pp. 191-196. 

Calcium silicate mineral filler has been proposed as a replacement for calcium carbonate in primary insulation cable compound (83). Calcined calcium sulfate has been suggested to effectively replace calcium carbonate in cable insulation (283). 

Dayer A J, Mead NG, Alcan Superfine ATH in Thermoplastic EVA Cable Compounds. Alcan Chemicals. 1998. 

The Ki-value determination of PVC cable compounds The specific volume resistivity is the most important electrical property of an electrical grade PVC. It is measured on a heavily plasticised product, the cable compound, pressed to a 2 mm. thick sample sheet. Cable manufactures usually test the resistivity of these compounds on cable samples and express the results in a so-called Ki-value. The Ki-value is in fact a volume resistivity value (see below) but measured on a cable sample with tapwater as low potential measuring electrode. A series of Ki-value determinations was performed to investigate the different parameters influencing this quantity. 

The Ki value of a PVC cable compound as a function of the electrification time... 

Trixylenyl phosphate Undecyl dodecyl phthalate Undecyl phthalate plasticizer, PVC cable compounds Diisononyl phthalate plasticizer, PVC film Di (C7-9 alkyl) adipate plasticizer, PVC flexible blends Di-n-C6-C10-alkyl phthalate plasticizer, PVC flooring Butyl benzyl phthalate plasticizer, PVC foam Tris (2,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate plasticizer, PVC plastisols Butyl benzyl phthalate Di (C7-9 alkyl) adipate Di-n-C8-C10-alkyl phthalate plasticizer, PVC wire/cable insulation Trixylenyl phosphate plasticizer, PVC fire-resistant Tris (isopropylphenyl) phosphate plasticizer, PVC PE sealants Chlorinated paraffins (Cl2, 60% chlorine) Chlorinated paraffins (C23, 43% chlorine) plasticizer, raincoats Dioctyl azelate plasticizer, refractory Methylcellulose plasticizer, refractory shapes Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose plasticizer, regenerated cellulose film Glycerin... 

Alumina trihydrate exerts its considerable flame-retarding effect only at a high proportion, i.e. when incorporated as a filler. For this reason, its application is essentially suitable in conventional filled compounds like polyesters, epoxy resins and PVC cable compounds, etc. " . The oxygen index of a polyester resin is plotted in Figure 5.4 against the proportion of this flame-retardant additive. 

Alumina trihydrate (Al(OH)3) is a very practical flame-retardant, mainly in cable compounds, with a considerable smoke suppressing activity but it should be applied at as high a proportion as 40 to 60 per cent to achieve the appropriate efficiency. 

Kaolin or clay, its more common name, is a naturally occurring mineral with the chemical formula Al Si, 0, (OH)5. It has a plate-like structure, and is refined and treated for specific uses, the largest of which is the paper industry. Metakaolin, produced by the dehydroxylation of kaolin, is often used to improve the electrical properties of PVC wire and cable compounds. At loadings of about 30 weight percent of the resin in a wire and cable PVC formulation, a doubling of the volume resistivity can be achieved. 

Among Ihe most commercially prevalent of these alloys is the PVC-NBR blends, the properties of which approach those of thermoplastic elastomers. Since nitiile elastomers are well established in conventional elastomer applications such as hoses, belts, and calendared goods, these alloys are found in many of the same fabricated products. NBR s are available in a variety of molecular weights, gel levels, comonomer rahos, and in physical forms ranging from powders to crumb rubber to slabs or bales of rubber. Alloys of these polymers are commonly found in automotive dashboard skins, wire and cable compounds, water and fuel hoses, and oil resistant boots and outerwear, among others (83). 

Formulations for Flame Resistant Wire and Cable Compound (157) ... 

The main opportunities for magnesium hydroxide are in PP applications, but it is also used in elastomeric cable compounds. One of the main limitations is its tendency to agglomerate in polymers, affecting processibility and performance. This is being overcome by the development of modified materials using surface coatings etc. 

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