2- butylhydroquinone

Di-terr-butylhydroquinone [88-58-4J M 222.3, m 222-223". Crystd from "CgHg or AcOH. 

Di-ferf-butylhydroquinone, dl45 Dibutyl ketone, nlOl Dibutyl sebacate, dl43... 

Methyl tert-butylhydroquinone, 20 105 Methyl-tertiary-butyl ether. See Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) Methyltestosterone, registered for use in aquaculture in Australia, 3 222t Nb-Methyl tetrahydrofolic acid, 25 802 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran (METHF),... 

Munzel PA, Schmohl S, Heel H, Kalberer K, Bock-Hennig BS, Bock KW (1999) Induction of human UDP glucuronosyltransferases (UGT1A6, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7) by t-butylhydroquinone and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Caco-2 ceUs. Drug Metab Dispos 27(5) 569-573... 

Reaction of 1,2 -dicarboxylic acids has been used for the formation of a number of strained alkenes and also applied to the Diels-Alder addition products from maleic anhydride (Table 9.5). Both cis- and tr s-diacids take part in the process. Aqueous pyridine containing, triethylamine as a strong base, is considered the best solvent and higher yields are obtained at temperatures of around 80 "C [130]. Use of a divided cell avoids a possibility of electrocatalytic hydrogenation of the product at the cathode. The addition of /a/-butylhydroquinone as a radical scavenger prevents polymerization of the product [127], An alternative chemical decarboxylation process is available which uses lead tetraacetate [131] but problems can arise because of reaction between the alkene and lead tetraacetate. 

Di-t-butylhydroquinone (DTBHQ) - Merck-Schuchardt, Munchen, Germany... 

Toluhydroquinone and methyl iert-butylhydroquinone provide improved resin color retention 2,5-di-/-butylhydroquinone also moderates the cure rate of the resin. Quaternary ammonium compounds, such as benzyl trimethylammonium hydroxide, are effective stabilizers in combination with hydroquinones and also produce beneficial improvements in color when promoted with cobalt octoate. Copper naphthenate is an active stabilizer at levels of 10 ppm at higher levels (150 ppm) it influences the cure rate. Tertiary butylcatechol (TBC) is a popular stabilizer used by fabricators to adjust room temperature gelation characteristics. 

Copper naphthenate added to the resin at levels between 100—200 ppm effectively extends gel and cure characteristics, resulting in a reduction in exothermic heat (Fig. 7). Copper additives are used widely in commercial laminating resins to modify process exothermic effects. OC-Methylstyrene [98-83-9] substituted for styrene at levels of 5—8% has also been used effectively in resins cured at above ambient temperatures. The inhibitor 2,5-di-/-butylhydroquinone exerts significant exotherm suppression at levels of 200—400 ppm and is useful in high temperature molding processes. 

For many years, in connection with certain food products, a barrier to freeze-drying has been the problems associated with the storage stability of foods that are susceptible to lipid oxidation. In order for such foods to have a reasonable shelf life and acceptable flavor characteristics, protective additives, which retard oxidation, are often added before dehydration. Such antioxidants must carry through the process and not be lost because of volatilization. For these applications, BHA, BHT, and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBI1Q) have been found quite effective. 

Add 4 ml methanol, containing 500 ppm rerf-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) as an antioxidant, if needed. 

TBHQ. see t-butylhydroquinone t-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), 556-557 TCA. see Trichloroacetic acid Temperature... 

A special type of polymeric antioxidant is anoxomer, which consists of 1,4-benzenediol, 2-(l,l-dimethylethyl)-polymer with diethylbenzene, 4-(l,l-dimethyl-ethyl)phenol, 4-methoxy-phenol, 4,4 -(l-methylethylidene)bis(phenol), and 4-methylphenol prepared by condensation polymerization of divinylbenzene (m- and p-) with tert-butylhydroquinone, tert-butylphenol, hy-droxyanisole, p-cresol, and 4,4 -isopropylidenediphenol. Total monomers, dimers, and trimers below 500 are not more than 1%. Anoxomer is permitted in the United States as an antioxidant in food at a level of not more than 5 ppm of fat and oil content of the food. 

T Stijve. Gas chromatographic determination of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) in milk products. Deutsch Lebensm Rund-sch 79 108-111, 1983. 

PJ van Niekerk, LM du Plessis. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of tert-butylhydroquinone in vegetable oils. J Chromatogr 187 436-438, 1980. 

Di-terf-butylcresol, dl20 2,5-Di-tert-butylhydroquinone, dl 12 Dibutyl ketone, nlOO... 

FIG. 5 The antioxidant activity of non-defatted flaxseed extract (NDFE), defatted flaxseed extract (DFE), SDG, and tertiary-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) in stripped corn oil observed by Hall and Shultz (2001). 

The anti-oxidant 2,5-di-t-butylhydroquinone (DBH) retards weight gain when fed as 0.1-0.2% of a semipurified diet, but addition of similar levels of DBH to a stock diet is without effect. This effect was observed in both Holtzman and Long-Evans rats (13) (Table II). Amaranth (FD and C Red No. 2) is toxic to rats when fed as 5% of a semipurified diet. No rats fed this diet lived as long as 21 days. When the diet also contained 10% pectin, cellulose or alfalfa, however, the dye was not toxic and weight gain was optimum (14). Similar effects of semipurified and commercial diets were observed in Sprague-Dawley rats fed 5% Tartrazine (FD and C Yellow No. 5) or Sunset Yellow FCF (FD and C Yellow No. 6) (15). 

TCDD, 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin TBHQ, ter-butylhydroquinone AZT, 3 -azido-3 -deoxythymidine... 

The antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytolu-ene (BHT), tm-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), propyl gallate, ascorbyl palmitate and citric acid were evaluated for potential to reduce NOx emissions from a single cylinder, direct-injection, air-cooled, naturally aspirated Yanmar engine (Hess et al, 2005). BHA and BHT reduced NOx emissions by 4.4 and 2.9%, respectively, but the other antioxidants evaluated did not exhibit any beneficial effects (see Table 1.2). Antioxidants may impede NOx formation by inhibiting the formation of combustion-derived radicals. 

Ratio = blend ratio soybean oil fatty acid methyl esters (SME) in low-sulfur (<500ppm) No. 2 petrodiesel (LSD) where BO is 0% SME and B20 contains 20 vol% SME BHA = butylated hydroxyanisole BHT = butylated hydroxytoluene TBHQ = tert-butylhydroquinone. 

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