Leads group

After so many developments (often worked out by an in-crowd of devoted, enthusiastic scientists), the time has come to transfer the results of these scientific developments to a wider audience. Not every scientist producing measurement data is interested in the theories worked out in so many vigorous discussions by leading groups. But every scientist using or producing data should be aware of the facts presented herein. The information, however, is of importance for an even wider audience than just the scientific circles. 

As mentioned in Sect. 3, it is important to establish a detailed lead profile at the beginning of a lead identification effort. Criteria vary in different lead identification or hit-to-lead groups, but generally include some or all of the following potency, functional activity, selectivity, MW, clogP, solubility, permeability, microsomal stability and/or hepatocyte clearance, and preliminary PK including oral bioavail-ability. An example of a lead profile for a kinase inhibitor project is illustrated in Table 1 [21],... 

Office of the Leading Group for the Popularisation of Biogas (OLGPB) in Sichuan Province, Peoples Republic of China. A Chinese Biogas Manual. 1978. 

In a historical cohort mortality study of 1,990 primary lead smelter workers, an SMR of 2.04 for mortality from renal cancer was calculated (Selevan et al. 1985). The cohort consisted of workers who had worked at least 1 year, with at least 1 day of employment at the smelter between 1940 and 1965. The cohort had been heavily exposed to lead and in 1976 the PbB levels averaged 56.3 pg/dL. Exposures to cadmium and arsenic were generally minor. A follow-up study of this cohort was conducted from 1977 through 1988 (Steenland et al. 1992). Analysis of the follow-up study revealed an excess of kidney cancer, particularly in the high-lead group (SMR 2.39). Although, as the authors indicate, the study is... 

While initial attempts of quantification of i-Az traces obtained in (single) molecule conductance studies suffered from rather poorly defined data selection strategies and limited current ranges [64, 116], most of the leading groups in the field focus now on the construction of all-data point conductance and plateau length... 

---