Burn through elimination

For environmental reasons, burning should be smokeless. Long-chain and unsaturated hydrocarbons crack in the flame producing soot. Steam injection helps to produce clean burning by eliminating carbon through the water gas reaction. The quantity of steam required can be as high as 0.05—0.3 kg steam per kg of gas burned. A multijet flare can also be used in which the gas bums from a number of small nozzles parallel to radiant refractory rods which provide a hot surface catalytic effect to aid combustion. 

Elimination of Demand for the Slashing and Burning of Forests through Maintenance of Soil Fertility (e.g., through crop rotation, irrigation). 

Boronic acids (69 and 70) (Fig. 45) with more than one boronic acid functionality are known to form a polymer system on thermolysis through the elimination of water.93 Specifically, they form a boroxine (a boron ring system) glass that could lead to high char formation on burning. Tour and co-workers have reported the synthesis of several aromatic boronic acids and the preparation of their blends with acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and polycarbonate (PC) resins. When the materials were tested for bum resistance using the UL-94 flame test, the bum times for the ABS samples were found to exceed 5 minutes, thereby showing unusual resistance to consumption by fire.94... 

The S.A.V.E. technology is self-contained and equipped with a traUer-hitch mount for transportation. Hydrocarbon vapors recovered through the system s remedial actions are directed to the engine intake where they are burned as part of the normal engine combustion process, which often eliminates the need for process waste stream controls and external power sources. Emissions from the engine are passed through a small catalytic converter to maximize the destruction of removed hydrocarbons. 

Figure 1 indicates an example of how pretreatment of the Incoloy 800 reactor had a very large effect on the acetylene conversion (or on the kinetics of acetylene decomposition). The coke-coated Incoloy 800 reactor (the coke had been deposited on this reactor when butadiene reacted at 500°-700°C.) used in Run 14 resulted in much lower acetylene conversions in the range of 450° to 550°C compared with the same Incoloy 800 reactor after the coke had been burned off with oxygen and after the reactor had been contacted with hydrogen until nearly all surface oxides were eliminated. Most conversion results for the 11 gas samples collected during Run 15 are shown in Figure 1. Gas Samples 1 through 3 at 350°, 400°, and 450°C, respectively, indicated almost no acetylene conversions. A small amount of carbon dioxide was produced at 450°C, indicating some metal oxides had still been present on the surface after the hydrogen pretreatment. The temperature was then increased to 500°C, and the conversions then increased from 66% to 99% during the first 23 min (Samples 4 and 5). Some carbon oxide production was noted in Sample 4 but none in Sample 5 or in any later samples of the run presumably...

In an effort to eliminate wall effects, two spherical methods were developed. In the one discussed here, the gas mixture is contained in a soap bubble and ignited at the center by a spark so that a spherical flame spreads radially through the mixture. Because the gas is enclosed in a soap film, the pressure remains constant. The growth of the flame front along a radius is followed by some photographic means. Because, at any stage of the explosion, the burned gas behind the flame occupies a larger volume than it did as unbumed gas, the fresh gas into which the flame is... 

Despite the potential toxicity that could be associated with many medicinal plants, the local people have for centuries been using them as recipes for traditional medicines. They have in many cases been able to effectively control possibilities of toxicity through knowledge handed down from forefathers. One way of eliminating potential toxicity of extracts by the herbal practitioners is by burning their herbal preparations before dispensing. This was evident in the present study where many of the herbal preparations used for skin infections would be burnt into powder first before application. 

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