Building cooling

Santamouris M. NORMA—a method to calculate the thermal performance of passively cooled buildings. Cooling loads of buildings, vol. 5. Dublin School of Architecture, University College Dublin, 19.94. 

When dark roofs are heated by the sun, they directly raise summertime building cooling demand. For highly absorptive (low-albedo) roofs, the surface/ambient air temperature difference may be 50°C (90°F), while for less absorptive (high-albedo) surfaces with similar insu-lative properties (e.g., white-coated roofs), the difference is only about 10°C (18 F), which means that cool surfaces can effectively reduce cooling-energy use. 

Morofsky, E., 1987. Developing an Innovative Building Cooling Technology, ASHRAE Trans., NY 87-21-1, pp.1741-1748. 

HFC-134a replaced CFC-12 in auto air-conditioners for all new cars. CFC-12 was to be used in old cars because of the high cost to switch. HFC-134a and HCFC-123 replaced CFC-12 and CFC-11 in large building cooling systems. 

Solar Film - A window glazing coating, usually tinted bronze or gray, used to reduce building cooling loads, glare, and fabric fading. 

Sufficient space remains -for future additions to the Reactor Building wing, Process Water Building, Cooling Tower, Water Treatment Building, and Boiler House. Also, space is provided for future facilities such as an administration buiIding, reactor service building, cafeteria, and hot laboratory. 

If ambient conditions normally exceed about 50% RH for extended periods (more than about 8 h), provisions should be made to dehumidify the process plant and bulk storage buildings. Cooling and proper ventilation may also be necessary for worker comfort and safety. Adequate ventilation is especially important because all buildings should be tightly constructed and closed to maintain a dry inside environment (RH of 40%-50%). 

The acceptance criterion for the resolution of USI A-43, (Reference 1) is that the containment spray and safety injection systems (including the containment sump) must be capable of performing their intended safety functions (in accordance with the requirements of GDC 38), including long-term core and/or containment building cooling. 

The BN GT-300 basic design is that of a land-based nuclear power station. Such option was selected in pursue of simplified equipment manufacture and broader siting options and simpler and less costly physical protection. The main equipment modules are prefabricated and rail transportable. Railways, shelter buildings, cooling towers and some other equipment are definitely not transportable they are stationary. 

Patil ND. Design and analysis of phase change materials based therma energy storage for active building cooling a review. Int J Eng Sci Technol 2012 4 2502-9. 

This evaluation criterion indicates when the effect of the strategy on natural resources (criteria pollutant air emissions, surface water, groundwater, sediment, wetlands, floodplains, undeveloped lands, etc.) is to increase or decrease the their depletion (e.g., additional make-up water may be needed for a recommended building cooling technology). A thumb-down indicates adverse effect, whereas a thumb-up represents beneficial impact based on professional judgment ... 

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