Brilliant blue

Coolwater Coomassie Brilliant Blue Cooperite Cooper pairs Coordination Coordination catalysts... 

Another compound of interest is adenine [73-24-5] or 6-aminopurine (53) derived from pheny1a 2oma1ononitri1e (92). The introduction of the dicyanostyryl moiety has led to the industriali2ation of several methine dyes such as the Cl Disperse Yellow [6684-20-4] (54) (93). The Cl Disperse Blue 354 [74239-96-6] (55) also represents a new class of anTinoarylneutrocyariine dyes with a brilliant blue shade (94). The dimer of malononitrile is also used for the synthesis of new dyes (95). 

Inthion and Dykoflte synthetic dyes Bunte Inthion Brilliant Blue Condense S Blue 2 Cl 18790 [12224-49-6] ... 

Methylanthraquinone and Related Compounds. 2-Methylanthraquiaoae and its derivatives are important as iatermediates for manufacturiag various kiads of vat dyes and brilliant blue (turqoise blue) disperse dyes. 2-Methylanthraquinone [84-54-8] (56) is prepared from phthaUc anhydride and toluene via a ben2oylben2oic acid (55) (86). 

Dyes with Other Heteroeyelie Reaetive Groups. Some heteiocychc reactive components have been developed eg, R in Figure 3. Other examples of the dyes of commercial importance ate brilliant blue [88318-06-3] (84) (monofluotottiazine), blue [83399-87-5] [104601-66-3], (85) (dichlotoquinoxaline), and brilliant blue [64387-69-5] (86) (driluotochlotopyrimidine). The R components ate shown in Figure 4 for (84—86). 

Fig. 1. Blue reactive dyes from antliiaquinone. Also see Table 6. Reactive Blue 5 [16823-51 -1] (Cl 61210) (19), Reactive Blue 4 [13324-20-4] (Cl 61205) (20), eg, Piocion Blue MX-R, Reactive Blue 19 [2580-78-1] (Cl 61200) (21), eg, Remazol Brilliant Blue R.

Amido black is a commonly used stain, but it is not very sensitive. It is often used to visualize concentrated proteins or components that are readily accessible to dyes such as proteins that have been transferred from a gel to nitrocellulose paper. Two of the more sensitive and more frequently used stains are Coomassie Brilliant Blue (R250 and G250) and silver stains. Because these stains interact differently with a variety of protein molecules, optimization of the fixative and staining solutions is necessary. The Coomassie stains are approximately five times more sensitive than amido black and are appropriate for both agarose and polyacrylamide gels. The silver stain is approximately 100 times more sensitive than Coomassie and is typically used for polyacrylamide gels. 

To quantitate proteins from staining, a densitometer aided by computer software is used to evaluate band areas of samples compared to band areas of a standard curve. Amido black, Coomassie Brilliant Blue, and silver stains are all appHcable for use in quantification of proteins. 

Protein concentration can be determined using a method introduced by Bradford,4 which utilises Pierce reagent 23200 (Piece Chemical Company, Rockford, IL, USA) in combination with an acidic Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 solution to absorb at 595 nm when the reagent binds to the protein. A 20 mg/1 bovine serum albumin (Piece Chemical Company, Rockford, IL, USA) solution will be used to prepare a standard calibration curve for determination of protein concentration. The sample for analysis of SCP is initially homogenised or vibrated in a sonic system to break down the cell walls. 

Ap4A, diadenosine tetraphosphate BBG, Brilliant blue green BzATP, 2 - 3 -0-(4-benzoyl-benzoyl)-ATP cAMP, cyclic AMP CCPA, chlorocyclopentyl adenosine CPA, cyclopentyl adenosine CTP, cytosine triphosphate DPCPX, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipnopylxanthine IP3, inosine triphosphate lpsl, diinosine penta phosphate a,p-meATP, a,p-methylene ATP p.y-meATP, p.y-meihylene ATP 2-MeSADP, 2-methylthio ADP 2-MeSAMP, 2-methylthio AMP 2-MeSATP, 2-methylthio ATP NECA, 5 -W-ethylcarboxamido adenosine PPADS, pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2, 4 -disulfonic acid PLC, phospholipase C RB2, reactive blue 2 TNP-ATP, 2, 3 -0-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) ATP. 

The blue color of 83 has been observed in numerous experiments. For example, a brilliant blue color occurs if a potassium thiocyanate melt is heated to temperatures above 300 °C [132] or if eutectic melts of LiCl-KCl (containing some sulfide) are in contact with elemental sulfur [132, 133], if aqueous sodium tetrasulfide is heated to temperatures above 100 °C [134], if alkali polysulfides are dissolved in boiling ethanol or in polar aprotic solvents (see above), or if borate glasses are doped with elemental sulfur [132]. In most of these cases mixtures of much 83 and little 82 will have been present demonstrating the ubiquitous nature of these radicals [12]. 

Iodides and organic iodine compounds produce brilliant blue chromatogram zones on a yellow background. 

Excitable tissue preparations were obtained fresh daily from live animals using the technique described by Dodd et al. (12). Protein was measured on each synapto-some preparation using the Coomassie Brilliant Blue dye technique described by Bradford (13) results were expressed as "toxin bound per mg synaptosome protein". 

In the late 1960 s a new series of methods was introduced for the determination of amylase, involving the use of a starch-dye complex. Dyes such as Renazol brilliant blue (68) Reactive Red 2B (69) (used in the substrate Dy-Amyl, General Diagnostic Division, Warner-Chilcott Laboratories), Cibachrom Blue (70)... 

As an example, five different synthetic colorants (Tartrazine, Sunset Yellow, Ponceau 4R, Amaranth, and Brilliant Blue FCF) from drinks and candies were separated on a polyamide adsorbent at pH 4, eluted with an alkaline-ammonia solution. By another method, 13 synthetic food colorants were isolated from various foods using specific adsorption on wool. After elution with 10% ammonia solution and gentle warming, an absorption spectrum of the resulting colorant solution was recorded, compared to the reference spectra of pure colorants, and identified by linear regression analysis. ... 

Solid phase spectrophotometry proved to be an appropriate technique for the determination of colorants in foods dne to its simplicity, selectivity, reasonable cost, low detection limits, and use of conventional instrnmentation. This simple, sensitive, and inexpensive method allowed simnltaneons determinations of Snnset Yellow FCF (SY), Quinoline Yellow, and their nnsnlfonated derivatives [Sndan I (SUD) and Quinoline Yellow Spirit Soluble (QYSS)] in mixtnres. Mixtnres of food colorants containing Tartrazine, Sunset Yellow, Ponceau 4R, Amaranth, and Brilliant Blue were simultaneously analyzed with Vis spectrophotometry without previous chemical separation. ... 

DeVilliers, A. et al., Evaluation of liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis for the elucidation of the artificial colorants brilliant blue and azorubine in red wines, Chromatographia, 58, 393, 2003. 

Gosetti, F. et ah. Oxidative degradation of food dye El33 Brilliant Blue FCF. Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry identification of the degradation pathway, J. Chromatogr. A, 1054, 379, 2004. 

Azo dyes Allura Red AC, Amaranth, Azorubine, Brilliant Black BN, Brown FK, Brown HT, Lithol Rubine BK, Ponceau 4R, Red 2G, Sunset Yellow, Tartrazine Triarylmethane (triphenylmethane) dyes Brilliant Blue FCF, Fast green FCF, Green S, Patent Blue V... 

Fast Green FCF (FD C Green No. 3, Cl Food Green 3) is a triarylmethane dye related to Brilliant Blue, the disodinm 3-[N-ethyl-N-[4-[[4-[N-ethyl-N-(3-snl-fonatobenzyl)amino] -phenyl] (4-hydroxy-2-snlfonatophenyl)methylene] -2,5-cyclo-hexadien-l-ylidene]ammonio-methyl]-benzenesnlfonate. Fast green is a red to brown-violet powder or crystals, solnble in water, sparingly solnble in ethanol, with a maximnm absorption in water at 625 nm. It is not permitted as food colorant in the EU. -"... 

---