Brighteners in electroplating

Both nicotinic acid and nicotinamide have been used in the enrichment of bread, flour, and other grain-derived products. Animal feed is routinely supplemented with nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. Nicotinamide is also used in multivitamin preparations. Nicotinic acid is rarely used in this appHcation. The amide and carboxyHc acid have been used as a brightener in electroplating baths and as stabili2er for pigmentation in cured meats. 

Use Intermediate for polyesters, plasticizers, and plastics, nickel brightener in electroplating, corrosive inhibitor, pickling inhibitor prior to copper plating. 

Use Nickel brightener in electroplating, copper pickling inhibitor, corrosion inhibitor in aerosol cans. 

The heterocyclic character of caramels from ammonia and amino acid processes may suggest that such caramels may be quatemized by metal ions to form metal coordination compounds. Indeed, such complexes with Cu, Cd " ", Ni " ", and Zn have been found, and studied by Agarwal and co-workers. Because caramel may be a transporter of ions in solution, it has been the subject of a study of its surface activity and its usefulness as a brightener in electroplating baths. ... 

Both -hydroxybenzaldehyde and its methyl ether, -methoxybenzaldehyde [123-11-5] (p-anisaldehyde) have found extensive use in electroplating. The most widespread appHcation has been in alkaline bright zinc plating, both in non-cyanide (77) and in cyanide-containing (78) baths. The aldehydes act as both brightening and leveling agents. 

Lesser amounts of sodium thiocyanate are used in color toning photographic paper, as a stabilizer in rapid film development, and as a sensitizing agent in color negative-film emulsions. It is also used as a brightener in copper electroplating. 

Saccharin is used almost exclusively as an artificial sweetener in food and drinks to replace sugar. Its lack of calories makes it suitable for diet products and for medical preparations designed for people who must reduce their caloric intake. It also finds some small application as a food preservative, as an antiseptic agent, and as a brightening agent in electroplating procedures. 

Uses Brightening agent in electroplating industry anti-haze agent in photographic industry sensitizer for silver halide emulsions improves antistatic props, of films reactive C3-building block Manuf./Distrib. RaschigAG Trade Names MPS... 

Commercial processes Commercial electroless nickel plating stems from an accidental discovery by Brenner and Riddell made in 1944 during the electroplating of a tube, with sodium hypophosphite added to the solution to reduce anodic oxidation of other bath constituents. This led to a process available under licence from the National Bureau of Standards in the USA. Their solutions contain a nickel salt, sodium hypophosphite, a buffer and sometimes accelerators, inhibitors to limit random deposition and brighteners. The solutions are used as acid baths (pH 4-6) or, less commonly, as alkaline baths (pH 8-10). Some compositions and operating conditions are given in Table 13.17 . 

Mardi provides the chemical agent for Crodel s electroplating process. The application equipment in this case is owned and operated by both companies (current supply, dosage for the brighteners), located at Crodel. The recycling is done by Mardi. The unit of payment is the amount of ampere-hours, which corresponds to the surface of the galvanised pieces (Fig. 8). 

Bright Nickel, Nickel as electroplated from pure nickel salts is a dull grey, satin—like deposit that has to be buffed to obtain a bright finish. Brighteners are used to obtain bright deposits direcdy from the bath (117). The additives currendy used fall into two classes, which have variously been labeled primary and secondary, first class and second class, and carrier and brightener. The last is more commonly used in plating plants. 

Use Stabilizer in chlorinated solvents, viscosity reducer and stabilizer, electroplating brightener, intermediate. 

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