Brazil Basin

St. Laurent L. C., Toole J. M., and Schmitt R. W. (2001) Buoyancy forcing by turbulence above rough topography in the abyssal Brazil basin. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 31,... 

At the time of writing, five experiments of this kind have been initiated in the open ocean. The first two, relatively small-scale releases, were made in the ocean-floor basins off the coast of Southern California and the remaining three in the thermocline of the North Atlantic, the deep Brazil Basin and the central Greenland Sea. Below we describe the release method used in most of these experiments, and the results of the North Atlantic experiment in more detail. Mixing rates from all five experiments are then compared. 

Several further applications of the tracer technique are presently under way. Two large scale experiments in the open ocean are being actively monitored, in the Greenland Sea and the Brazil Basin. Numerous useful subsurface experiments can be imagined. However, because of the conflict between such subsurface release experiments and the use of SFg as a transient tracer, there is a need to establish a forum by which the wider oceanographic community can have input into the planning of prospective release experiments. 

In the Cape Basin region of the South Atlantic, polyethylene and polypropylene pellets were observed at concentrations of 1333-3600 pellets km (48). Since this area is far from any major shipping lane and is dominated oceanographically by the Antarctic West-Wind Drift with possibly some input from the Brazil Current, the source of the floating plastic was thought to be ships transporting the raw material in the South Atlantic (48). The weathered appearance of the pellets indicated that they had been adrift for an extended period and, therefore, carried long distances by the ocean currents. 

Figure 3. An undisturbed primary tropical rainforest in the eastern Amazon Basin, Brazil. Although these forests only comprise 7% of the earth s surface, they contain as much as 40% of all species and are significant global C sinks.

Martin JM, Nijampurkar V, Salvation F (1978b) Uranium anti Thorium isotope behavior in estuarine systems. In Biogeochemistry of estuarine sediments. UNESCO, p 111-127 Mathieu D, Bemat M, Nahon D (1995) Short-lived U and Th isotope distribution in a tropical laterite derived from Granite (Pitinga river basin, Amazoitia, Brazil) application to assessment of weathering rate. Earth Planet Sci Lett 136 703-714... 

Malm, O., W.C. Pfeiffer, C.M.M. Souza, and R. Reuther. 1990. Mercury pollution due to gold mining in the Madeira River Basin, Brazil. Ambio 19 11-15. 

This seemed an unusual number of coincidences and so I pressed my search. Consultation with the almanac of the Naval Observatory brought a real surprise. On the very day that I was researching, December 22, 1973, a total, annular eclipse of the sun would occur and the path of totality would sweep directly across La Chorrera and the Amazon Basin. I was dumbfounded. I felt like a person in a novel this string of clues was actually real I researched the eclipse to determine exactly where it would achieve totality. This would occur, I learned, almost directly over the city of Belem in Brazil, in the delta of the Amazon River. The vertiginous elf chatter of hyperspace rose squealing in my ears. Was it mocking me or egging me on ... 

Pedreira, A.J. Bahia R.B.C. 2000. Sedimentary Basins of Rondonia State, Brazil Response to The Geotectonic Evolution of the Amazonic Craton. In RevIsta Braslleira de Geoclenclas. 

Natural rubber can be found as a colloidal emulsion in a white, milky fluid called latex and is widely distributed in the plant kingdom. The Indians called it wood tears. It was not until 1770 that Joseph Priestly suggested the word rubber for the substance, since by rubbing on paper it could be used to erase pencil marks, instead of the previously used bread crumbs. At one time 98% of the world s natural rubber came from a tree, Hevea brasiliensis, native to the Amazon Basin of Brazil which grows to the height of 120 ft. Today most natural rubber is produced on plantations in Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, and Sri Lanka. Other rubber-bearing plants... 

Focusing on the distribution of marine invertebrates, the seas can be divided into eleven zones (Fig. 7.1.II, George 1979). Four of these are exclusively coastal zones the Mediterranean (the geographical Mediterranean basin and the coastal areas and islands from northwestern France to the middle of Angola in the Atlantic), Caribbean (from South Carolina to Sao Paulo in Brazil, including the geographical Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico), Panamanian (coastal zones from southern... 

Phosphorite Belkinsk Altai Sayan, Siberia, former USSR Phosphorite Bone Valley Formation, Florida, USA Phosphorite Brazil 3 samples Phosphorite Duwi Formation Egypt 18 samples Phosphorite Karatau, Kazakhstan Phosphorite Oulad Abdoun Basin, Morrocco Phosphorite Phosphoria Formation Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, and Utah, USA 60 samples Phosphorite southeast Jordan 3 beds... 

McClain, M. E., J. E. Richey, J. A. Brandes, and T. P. Pimentel. 1997. Dissolved organic matter and terrestrial-lotic linkages in the central Amazon basin of Brazil. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 11 295-311. 

The pT-method is also applicable to identify ecotoxicological effects in surface waters. This was demonstrated in several rivers in Germany including the river Saar, a tributary in the Rhine river basin (Krebs, 1992b) and in rivers discharging into the Sepetiba Bay, Federal State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Soares, 2000). 

Lara, L.B.L.S., P. Artaxo, L.A. Martinelli, R.L. Victoria, P.B. Camargo, and A. Krusche. 2001. Chemical composition of rainwater and anthropogenic influences in the Piracicaba River Basin, Southeast Brazil. Atmos. Environ. 35 4937 -945. 

Fig. 9.5 Isotopic composition of precipitation in the Pajeu River basin, Brazil O, months with rain over 50 mm/month , months with lower precipitation amounts. A local meteoric line is obtained with the equation <5D = 6.4<5lsO + 5.5. (From Salati et al., 1980.)...

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