Madeira river

Brazil Madeira River gold mining area maximum values ... 

Malm, O., W.C. Pfeiffer, C.M.M. Souza, and R. Reuther. 1990. Mercury pollution due to gold mining in the Madeira River Basin, Brazil. Ambio 19 11-15. 

Figure 54.2 Brazilian native preparing dry rubber by smoking latex coated wooden shovel over a pot of burning palm nuts. Turtle shell bowl contains small pool of latex. Source-. Engraving from The Amazon and Madeira Rivers by Franz Keller published by J. B. Lippincott and Company, Philadelphia, 1875. The Library of Congress.

DNAEE 1994), and the proportion of water originated from the Solimoes, Negro and Madeira rivers varies with total discharge during the annual cycle (Molinier et al. 1996). 

Ferreira, J. R., A. H. Devol, L. Martinelli, B. R Forsberg, R Victoria, J. E. Richey, and J. Mortatti. 1988. Chemical Composition of the Madeira River Seasonal Trends and Total Transport. Mittbach Geologic PalSontologie Institutt Uttiversity Hamburg 66 63-75. 

Lechler P. J., Miller J. R., Lacerda L. D., Vinsond D., Bonzongo J.-C., Lyons W. B., and Warwick J. J. (2000) Elevated mercury concentrations in soils, sediments, water, and fish of the Madeira River basin, Brazilian Amazon a function of natural enrichments Sci. Tot. Environ. 260, 87-96. 

Boisehio, A.A.P., and E. Cemichiari. 1998. Longitudinal hair mercury concentration in riverside mothers along the Upper Madeira river (Brazil). Environ. Res. 77(2) 79-83. 

Natmal sources of mercury and natural bio-geochemical processes contribute heavily to reported elevated mercury concentrations in fish and water samples collected up to 900 km downstream from local gold mining activities. Based on analysis of water, sediments, and fish samples systematically collected along a 900-km stretch of the Madeira River in 1997, it was concluded that the elevated mercury concentrations in samples were due mainly to natural sources and that the effects of mercury released from gold mining sites were localized. This needs to be verified. 

In principle, the records at Obidos should reflect the rainfall regimes from the Negro River, together with the Solimoes, Madeira and Pums. Chu (1982) found that two thirds of water level variability of the Amazon River at Manaus can be explained by the volume of... 

The fringing floodplain along a 2600 km reach of the Amazon River from 52.5°W to 70.5°W contains about 6500 lakes that vary considerably in shape and size the lower 400 km of four major tributaries (Japura, Purus, Negro, and Madeira) contain an additional 2320 lakes (Melack 1984, Sippel... 

Following Martinelli et al. (1989), the mineralogical composition of the particulate material in Amazon River is dominated by quartz and plagioclases, with a minor amount of kaolinite and smectites. Sediment transported by the Solimoes tributaries also shows the presence of quartz, gibbsite and kaolinite. Vermiculite is detected in the Rio I a and Rio Madeira, and mica is represented in the Rio Negro. 

The Amazon port of Manaus mostly depends on barge service via the river Madeira and accounts for 7% of soybean exports grown primarily in the State of Rondonia and western Mato Grosso. 

Figure 7. Carbon isotope results for POC from rivers in the Amazon Basin [additional data from Hedges et al. (5) and Cai et al. (79)], 1. Tocantins R. 2, Araguaia R. 3. Madeira R., 4. Amazon R. Dotted line indicates present extent of forest. General regions in which samples were collected for this study indicated by letters (A) Maraba-Tocantinopolis, Para (B) Caraj, Para (C) Ariquemes, Rondonia (D) Rio Branco, Acre. results reported in per mil, relative to the PDB standard (from Bird et al. (78)).

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