Estuarine system

While Fe- and Mn-oxides certainly are important in the binding and transport of the trace metals in the estuarine system, organic matter appears to play a dominant role in the coagulation step. For instance, adjustment of the solution pH to values where humics normally precipitate (pH = l to 3) causes all the components (Fe and Mn, organics, and trace metals) to coagulate into filterable particles. By contrast, adjustment of the pH upward, which would normally favor precipitation of Fe- and Mn-oxides, has no effect. In view of this it is not... 

Martin JM, Nijampurkar V, Salvation F (1978b) Uranium anti Thorium isotope behavior in estuarine systems. In Biogeochemistry of estuarine sediments. UNESCO, p 111-127 Mathieu D, Bemat M, Nahon D (1995) Short-lived U and Th isotope distribution in a tropical laterite derived from Granite (Pitinga river basin, Amazoitia, Brazil) application to assessment of weathering rate. Earth Planet Sci Lett 136 703-714... 

Figure 2. Simplified box model depicting the dominant input and removal functions for a particle reactive radionuclide such as in a well-mixed estuarine system.

Figure 6. activity ratios in three vastly contrasting estuarine systems Florida Bay, and the... 

Martin J-M, Nijampurkar V, Salvadori F (1978b) Uranium and thorium isotope behavior in estuarine systems. In Biogeochemistiy of Estuarine Sediments. Goldberg ED (ed) UNESCO, Paris p 111-127 McKee BA, Todd JF (1993) Uranium behavior in a permanently anoxic Qord microbial control Limnol Oceanogr 38 408-414... 

Lai KM, Johnson KL, Scrimshaw MD, Lester JN (2000) Binding of waterborne steroid estrogens to solid phases in river and estuarine systems. Environ Sci Technol 34 3890-3894... 

Martin, J. M., Nijampurkar, V. N., Salvador , F., Uranium and Thorium isotopes behaviour in estuarine systems, In Bio-geochemistry of Estuarine Sediments, Proceedings of Workshop held in Melreux, Belgium, Unesco Pub., 111-127... 

Mukhopadhyay, M.P., B.B. Ghosh, and M.M. Bagchi. 1994. Toxicity of heavy metals to fish, prawn and fish food organisms of Hooghly estuarine system. Geobios 21 13-17. 

Luoma, S.N., R. Dagovitz, and E. Axtmann. 1990. Temporally intensive study of trace metals in sediments and bivalves from a large river-estuarine system Suisan Bay/Delta in San Francisco Bay. Sci. Total Environ. 97/98 685-712. 

Surhcial stream sediments in the San Francisco estuarine system during 1972 had high residues (350 to 1400 pg/kg DW) at several locations (Phillips and Spies 1988). However, residues were highly variable between sites (Law and Goerlitz 1974). In 1984, low to intermediate concentrations of PCBs (9 to 60 pg/kg DW) were measured at four locations in the San Francisco Bay. Overall, congener profiles resembled Aroclor 1254 and were dominated by pentachlorobiphenyl isomers (NOAA 1987). The patterns of the 11 reported congeners were variable between areas, indicating many sources of different PCB mixtures. 

Nichols MM. 1990. Sedimentologic fate and cycling of Kepone in an estuarine system Example from the James River estuary. Sci Total Environ 97/98 407-440. 

Hyne, R.V. and Everett, D.A. Application of a benthic euryhaline amphipod, Corophium sp., as a sediment toxicity testing organism for both freshwater and estuarine systems, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, 34(l) 26-33, 1998. 

Atrazlne degraded in estuarine water with a half-life of 3-12 days, in two estuarine sediments with half-lives of 15 and 20 days, and in two agricultural soils with half-lives of 330 and 385 days it was concluded that degradation is slower in agricultural soils than in estuarine systems (51). In two different soils under lab conditions, where the pHs were 4.8 and 6.5, respective half-lives of 53 days and 113 days were found (52). 

The Port of Amsterdam transect yielded four locations in the estuarine system with highly polluted sediment (sites 1,9, 10 and 11). The chemical concentrations there were higher than at the sites in the Port of Rotterdam transect (Table 4a). PCB and trace metal concentrations in Rotterdam harbour sediments and TBT, triphenyltin (TPhT) and PAH concentrations in all sedi-... 

The field studies will focus on the formation and distribution of H202 in a wide range of lakes compared with that obtained in an estuarine system, the Chesapeake Bay. Laboratory studies on the decomposition of H202 in natural waters, filtered natural waters (using various size filters), and waters with pure cultures of two bacteria [Vibrio alginolyticus, a common estuarine bacterium (59, 60), and Enterohacter cloacae, a common freshwater bacterium] will clarify the role of bacteria in the decay processes. 

As mentioned earlier, surface water sources forming part of an estuarine system are subject to tremendous swings in chloride concentration. Levels of 1000 ppm Cl or more are not unusual, which imposes serious constraints, plus corrosion and deposit control problems when used as makeup for cooling systems that may normally operate at 3 to 4x cycles of concentration. Contingency plans are necessary. 

Seyler, P. and Martin, J.-M. (1991) Arsenic and selenium in a pristine river-estuarine system the Krka (Yugoslavia). Marine Chemistry, 34(1-2), 137-51. 

Day, 3.A., Smith, W.G., Wagner, P.R. and Stowe, W.C., 1973. Community Structure and Carbon Budget of a Saltmarsh and Shallow Bay Estuarine System in Louisiana. Center for Wetland Resources, Louisiana State University. 

HEAT PRODUCTION OF MICROORGANISMS IN EUTROPHIED ESTUARINE SYSTEMS - AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY. 

Lasserre, P., Tournie, T., Bianchi, M. and Chamroux, S., 1986. Heat production of microorganisms in eutrophied estuarine systems - An experimental study. In P. Lasserre and 3.M. Martin (eds), Biogeochemical Processes at the Land-Sea Boundary. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 

Grabe, S.A., Barran, J., 2004. Sediment contamination, by habitat, in the Tampa Bay estuarine system (1993-1999) PAHs, pesticides and PCBs. Environ. Monit. Assess. 91, 105-144. 

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