Brain wiring

Agnati,L. F.,Zoli,M.,Stromberg,I. and Fuxe,K. Intercellular communication in the brain wiring versus volume transmission. Neuroscience 69 711-726,1995. 

Brain wiring, both during development and during childhood, is a complex process, and it seems that the rules governing it are variable from one anatomical place in the brain to another (and probably from one time to another). At short distances, local interactions between neighboring synapses can produce clustered... 

Daniel Pink, "Revenge of the Right Brain," Wired Magazine... 

Strobel et al. (101) reported a unique approach to delivery of anticancer agents from lactide/glycolide polymers. The concept is based on the combination of misonidazole or adriamycin-releasing devices with radiation therapy or hyperthermia. Prototype devices consisted of orthodontic wire or sutures dip-coated with drug and polymeric excipient. The device was designed to be inserted through a catheter directly into a brain tumor. In vitro release studies showed the expected first-order release kinetics on the monolithic devices. 

The brain could be likened to a television set in which the amino acids are providing the basic positive and negative power lines, while the other NTs (the multi-coloured wires) control the colour, contrast and brightness. All are required for a perfect picture but some are obviously more important than others. 

To understand the chemical-imbalance theory, it will be helpful to first review some basic aspects of how the brain functions. The human brain contains about ioo billion nerve cells called neurons. Each neuron is like an electrical wire with many branches. When a neuron fires, electrical impulses travel along its length from one end to the other. When an impulse reaches the end of a branch, it may stimulate the next neuron, influencing whether or not it fires. 

The tissue-compatible microprobes represent an advance over the typical aluminum wire electrodes used in studies of the cortex and other brain structures. Researchers accumulate much data using traditional electrodes, but there is a question of how much damage they cause to the nervous system. Microprobes, which are about as thin as a human hair, cause minimal damage and disruption of neurons when inserted into the brain. 

In the second year of residency I was allowed a three-month elective in his department where I learned, among other things, the fine art of drilling tiny holes in the skulls of cats and precisely inserting electrode wires deep inside the brain. This experience gave me an idea. I decided to try to teach cats to make their wishes known by communicating with their brain waves. 

First, computer circuits are hard-wired at the factory. A computer s circuitry never changes. In contrast, as we noted previously, brain circuitry is constantly adapting through a process of pruning and reestablishing connections. This pruning affords the nervous system a plasticity that enables it to adapt continually to the demands of an ever-changing environment. 

Faulty Wiring and/or Developmental Delay. Remember that neurotransmission moves through brain circuits. Some mental illnesses may be caused by misconnections in the circuitry that can result in the brain s equivalent of crosstalk that occurs when telephone lines are crossed. Examples of this problem are the so-called neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, certain forms of mental retardation, and possibly schizophrenia. 

Option 3 The switching transistor is done away with and current is sourced from the electronic ignition circuit ( brain box ) and passed directly to both the ignition coil and the transformer. This simplifies the wiring but may possibly halve the total amount of power sent to both. The effect of extra current demand through the brain box to power both coils is unknown. There is the danger of frying the brain circuitry. 

RNA synthesis inhibition. Smoke of the leaf, administered to rats at variable doses, was active. The effect of a combination of cigarette and hashish smoke on stress response were measured in rats held in a wire cage inside of a larger cage with a cat. Brains were dissected and measured for protein and catecholamine levels . 

On the left (A) is a profile of the human brain, and on the right, a magnified view (B) of a slice through the brain as indicated by the dotted line. The anatomy of the brain consists of two hemispheres, each covered with multiple layers of important cells known as the cerebral cortex. White matter, which consists of wiring —projections from one cell to another—lies beneath the cerebral cortex, along with some groups of cells that perform various functions. The ventricles are cavities through which runs a substance called cerebrospinal fluid, which helps protect and cushion the delicate structures of the nervous system. 

A new method has been developed for stimulation of the brain trans-cranial magnetic stimulation [TMS]. Magnetic stimulation of the brain may offer a means to examine the importance of the convulsion for ECT effects. TMS is a novel noninvasive method for the stimulation of neurons (for review, see Barker 1991]. High electrical current flow in a spiral of wire induces a magnetic field. The magnetic field produces an electric field that initiates ion flow and consequent membrane depolarization directly in brain tissues. Therefore, magnetic stimulation of deep structures may be achieved with relatively little induced current in the skin or skull and without convulsions [Barker 1991]. 

How large would 2-D brains have to be to contain the same number of synapses as in our brains How could the nerves interconnect without interference or using a lot more area for wiring ... 

Brain Reward Circuitry Four Circuit Elements Wired in... 

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