Braille

Other Printing Applications. There are a number of lower volume applications of photopolymer chemistry to the printing industry. Some of these include the production of tactile images (raised Braille patterns) (47) and screen stencil resists... 

Under Directive 2004/27/EC, there are various changes to the information to be included on the product label and certain provisions relating to the product s package leaflet. There is also a new requirement for the name of the medicinal product to be expressed in Braille format on the label. For products containing up to three active substances, the legislation specifies that the international non-proprietary name (INN) must also appear on the labelling. The MAH must also ensure that the package leaflet is made... 

Gu W., Chen H., Tung, Y.C., Meiners, J.C., and Takayama, S., Multiplexed hydraulic valve actuation using ionic liquid filled soft channels and Braille displays, Appl. Phys. Lett, 90,033505-033508, 2007. 

The space probe is shaped like a huge sphere. Inside the sphere are a number of smaller, self-contained spheres, each of which holds machinery for specialized tasks. In the biggest of the interior spheres—let s call it the library —are the blueprints for making all the machines in the space probe. These are not ordinary blueprints, however. They can be thought of as blueprints in braille—or perhaps as sheet music for a player piano— where physical indentations in the blueprint cause a master machine to make the machine for which the blueprint codes. 

There are several types of alternate formats, most of which would not be applicable in a disaster scenario. The ADA regulations suggest large print, Braille, audiotape, computer diskettes, and use of Web sites. Only the first two choices would have any practicality in a disaster scenario. Few, if any, evacuees will bring tape recorders or laptops with them. For many years the... 

This does not mean that no hospital will ever receive a request for material in Braille. The NLS can point hospital staff to Braille transcribers and producers in their area. Like other ventures suggested in this chapter, a hospital or clinic planning in advance for this need probably should attempt to raise money from corporations to defray costs. 

Shortly after World War I, blind veterans began to use dog guides as a means of mobility. Indeed, like the use of Braille, the dog guide has become another stereotype associated with the group as a whole. Sadly, the elderly... 

UNESCO has also been responsible for creation of World Braille Council, and an active Arid Zone Program. 

An ordinary copy of Mathematics for Physicists is about two inches thick. However, the Braille version on Dr. Skaw-inski s bookshelf requires more than three feet of space. The chemist, who began losing his sight in childhood, consults this reference as he creates three-dimensional models of molecules. In the follovi/ing interview. Dr. Skavi/inski talks about his innovative work and his love of chemistry. 

IPRI is also currently involved in the development of actuators for an electronic Braille screen (Figure 1.9) in collaboration with Quantum Technology (Sydney, Aus-... 

FIGURE 1.9 The electronic Braille screen based on conducting electroactive polymers. 

Limitations of the platform are related to the material properties of PDMS for example, chemicals which the elastomer is not inert to cannot be processed, and elevated temperatures such as in micro-reaction technology are not feasible. Also for the implementation of applications in the field of point-of-care diagnostics, where a handheld device is often required, the LSI platform seems not to be beneficial at the moment. Thereto external pressure sources and valves would have to be downsized to a smaller footprint, which is of course technically feasible, but the costs would be higher in comparison to other platform concepts. However, as a first step towards downsizing the liquid control equipment, the use of a Braille system was successfully demonstrated [143]. 

Takamiya, M., Sekitani, T., Kato, Y, Kawaguchi, H., Someya, T., and Sakurai, T., An organic FET SRAM with back gate to increase static noise margin and its application to braille sheet display, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 42, 93-100, 2007. 

Y. Kato, T. Sekitani, M. Takamiya, M. Doi, K. Asaka, T. Sakurai, and T. Someya. Sheet-type Braille displays by integrating organic field-effect transistors and polymeric actuators. leee Transactions on Electron Devices, 54(2) 202-209, Feb 2007. 

Touch is extremely important for humans and their pets. Stroking pets has been found to have a calming effect on both the human and the pet. Touch is also important in the bonding process between mother and child. Touch also forms the sensory basis for Braille, the means of spelling words by a system of raised dots on a flat surface to enable the sightless to read. 

Outside of biomimetics, dielectric elastomers may still be of use in other human-related applications including refreshable Braille devices [260, 282-284], hand rehabilitation splints [285], MRI compatible machines [247, 286-288], micro-fluidic devices [289, 290], force feedback [251], and wearable tactile interfaces [284, 291]. Oflier potential apphcations include actuators for hghter-than-air vehicles [292, 293], tunable phononic crystals [294—296], and variable phase retarders [297]. Beck et al. have also developed a sub-100 run resolution... 

Spinks GM, Wallace GG, Ding J, Zhou D, Xi B, Scott TR, Truong VT (2003) Ionic liquids and polypyrrole helix tubes bringing the electronic Braille screen closer to reality. Proc SPIE 5051 372... 

Lee S, Jung K, Koo J, Lee S, Choi H, Heon J, Nam J, Choi H (2004) Braille display device using soft actuator. Proc SPIE 5385 368... 

Ren K, Liu S, Lin M, Wang Y, Zhang QM (2007) A compact electroactive polymer actuator suitable for refreshable Braille display. Proc SPIE 6524 65241G... 

Bar-Cohen Y (2010) Refreshable braille displays using EAP actuators. EAPAD 2010 Proc SPIE 7642 764206-1-764206-5. doi 10.1117/12.844698... 

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