Polymeric actuator

Hi) Similarity between Natural Muscles and Polymeric Actuators... 

Zrfnyi M, Szabo D, Barsi L (1999) In Osada Y, Rossi DE (eds) Magnetic field sensitive polymeric actuators. Polymer sensors and actuators. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, p 385... 

Y. Kato, T. Sekitani, M. Takamiya, M. Doi, K. Asaka, T. Sakurai, and T. Someya. Sheet-type Braille displays by integrating organic field-effect transistors and polymeric actuators. leee Transactions on Electron Devices, 54(2) 202-209, Feb 2007. 

Shankar R, Ghosh TK, Spontak R (2007) Dielectric elastomers as next-generation polymeric actuators. Soft Matter 3 1116... 

Figure 6.9 Images of a Braille display (a) the flexible Braille sheet display using IPMC actuator array (b) the device assembly (c) circuit diagram of the Braille sheet display (Reprinted with permission from Kato, Y., Sekitani, T., Takamiya, M. et al. Sheet-Type Braille Displays by Integrating Organic Field-Effect Transistors and Polymeric Actuators, IEEE Trans on Electron. Devices, 54 (2), 202-9. Copyright (2007) IEEE).

Kato, Y., Sekitani, T., Takamiya, M., et al. (2007) Sheet-Type Braille Displays by Integrating Organic Field-Effect Transistors and Polymeric Actuators, IEEE Trans.Electron Devices, 54, 202-209. 

Most of the inorganic and polymeric actuators present in current technological world are based on volume variations produced by electric fields. Engineers and physicists are familiar wifli fliose physical and mafliematical models developed during the past century to describe piezoelectric, electrostrictive, ferroelectric, coulombic, or electroosmotic actuators. Some of those models have been translated to try to describe actuators based on conducting polymers, driven by charge, not by fields. 

Nakahata M, Takashima Y, Hashidzume A, Harada A (2013) Redox-generated mechanical motion of a supramolecular polymeric actuator based on host-guest interactions. Angew Orem Int Ed Engl 52 5731-5735... 

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