Boron alumina supported

Toluene reacts with carbon monoxide and butene-1 under pressure in the presence of hydrogen fluoride and boron trifluoride to give 4-methyl-j iYbutyrophenone which is reduced to the carbinol and dehydrated to the olefin. The latter is cycHzed and dehydrogenated over a special alumina-supported catalyst to give pure 2,6- dim ethyl n aph th a1 en e, free from isomers. It is also possible to isomerize various dim ethyl n aph th a1 en es to the... 

Other Technologies. Ethylbenzene can he recovered from mixed Cs aromatics by superfractionalion. The Alkar process, commercialized in 1960, uses boron trifluoride on alumina support as the catalyst. It has been used for polymer-grade as well as dilute ethylene feeds. 

UOP introduced the Alkar process for ethylbenzene production in 1966. The Alkar process operates in the vapor-phase with boron trifluoride on an alumina support as the catalyst. By the 1980s, about 15% of the world s ethylbenzene was... 

Preparation of boron-containing alumina supports by kneading. 

The Alkar process using boron trifluoride supported on alumina introduced in 1958 was a high pressure fixed-bed process. The process permitted the utilization of the light olefins (ethylene + propylene) of the refiners gas, which had been burnt as a fuel. The quality of ethylbenzene and isopropyl benzene was excellent. However, commerical experience showed that corrosion problems were still substantial and product pretreatment was necessary to remove boron trifluoride. 

The reaction of methyl propionate and formaldehyde in the gas phase proceeds with reasonable selectivity to MMA and MAA (ca 90%), but with conversions of only 30%. A variety of catalysts such as V—Sb on siUca-alumina (109), P—Zr, Al, boron oxide (110), and supported Fe—P (111) have been used. Methjial (dimethoxymethane) or methanol itself may be used in place of formaldehyde and often result in improved yields. Methyl propionate may be prepared in excellent yield by the reaction of ethylene and carbon monoxide in methanol over a mthenium acetylacetonate catalyst or by utilizing a palladium—phosphine ligand catalyst (112,113). 

A similar type of catalyst including a supported noble metal for regeneration was described extensively in a series of patents assigned to UOP (209-214). The catalysts were prepared by the sublimation of metal halides, especially aluminum chloride and boron trifluoride, onto an alumina carrier modified with alkali or rare earth-alkali metal ions. The noble metal was preferably deposited in an eggshell concentration profile. An earlier patent assigned to Texaco (215) describes the use of chlorinated alumina in the isobutane alkylation with higher alkenes, especially hexenes. TMPs were supposed to form via self-alkylation. Fluorinated alumina and silica samples were also tested in isobutane alkylation,... 

Supported the catalysts used in this case are silica aluminas, phosphoric add deposited on kieselguiir, or boron trifluoride dqiosited on modified ahimiBa. 

Different conditions (including additives and solvent) for the reaction have been reported,often focusing on the palladium catalyst itself," or the ligand." Catalysts have been developed for deactivated aryl chlorides," and nickel catalysts have been used." Modifications to the basic procedure include tethering the aryl triflate or the boronic acid to a polymer, allowing a polymer-supported Suzuki reaction. Polymer-bound palladium complexes have also been used." " The reaction has been done neat on alumina," and on alumina with microwave irradiation." Suzuki coupling has also been done in ionic liquids," in supercritical... 

Recent patent disclosures by the Standard Oil Co. of Indiana indicate that their process for the polymerization of ethylene is also a relatively low-pressure process, and the following process information is based on these disclosures. The polymerization process is a fixed-bed process employing a prereduced catalyst, ethylene pressures of 809-1,000 psi, and temperatures somewhat greater than 200°C. The metal oxides (such as nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum) can be supported on either charcoal or alumina, and materials such as lithium aluminum hydride, boron, alkali metals, and alkaline-earth hydrides may be used as promotors. Variations of this process are reported to produce polyethylene resins with densities from 0.94-0.97. 

This includes single crystal silicon [15], germanium [22] and alumina [10] fibers. Polycrystalline fibers can grow either by a VLS or a VS phase transformation when the incident laser power (focal temperature) is intermediate, and supports the growth of a fiber with a semisolid tip. This includes polycrystalline silicon [15], boron [5] and silicon carbide fibers [23]. Amorphous fibers are obtained by a VS phase transformation when the incident laser (focal temperature) is low, and supports the growth of a fiber with a hot but solid tip. This includes amorphous silicon [15], boron [12], carbon [13] [16], silicon carbide [23], and silicon nitride [17] fibers. 

Severed effects due to boron addition in supports were observed in this study Boron raises the temperature of formation of y alumina ... 

---