Blue mold

Salt, S.D., Tuzun, S. Kuc, J. (1986). Effects of jS-ionone and abscisic acid on the growth and resistance to blue mold. Mimicry of effects of stem infection by Peronospora tabacina Adam. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 28, 287-97. 

For the past 20 years, 1,4-dichlorobenzene has been used principally (35-55% of all uses) as a space deodorant for toilets and refuse containers, and as a fumigant for control of moths, molds, and mildews. A significant amount of 1,4-dichlorobenzene is exported (34%), with lesser amounts used in the production of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) resin (approximately 27% of its total use), and as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals such as 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (approximately 10%). Minor uses of 1,4-dichlorobenzene also include its use in the control of certain tree-boring insects and ants, and in the control of blue mold in tobacco seed beds (Chemical Marketing Reporter 1990 HSDB 1998). 

Neither mildews, nor green, yellow, or blue molds. 

Tuzun, S., Rao, N., Voegli, U., Schardl, C. Kuc, J. (1989). Induced systemic resistance to blue mold early induction and accumulation of P-l,3-glucanases, chitinases, and other pathogenesis-related proteins (b-proteins) in immunized tobacco. Phytopathology 79, 979-83. 

Furtado, M. M. and Chandan, R. C. (1985). Ripening changes in blue-mold surface ripened cheese from goat s milk. J. Food Sci. 50, 545-546. 

Morgan, M. E. and Anderson, E. O. (1956). The neutral carbonyl compounds in Blue-mold type cheese. /. Dairy Sci. 39, 253-260. 

Blue mold rot, caused by Penicillium, results in decay only at relatively high temperatures (e.g., 20°C). The organism is only weakly virulent and gains access through wounds or lesions made by other fungi. 

Tobacco blue mold tobacco mosaic tobacco ringspot black shank black root rot Peronospora tabacina 5 virus virus Phytophthora parasitica Thielaviopsis basicola, 31,32 1.3 1.3 33 34... 

Initial reaction. In all known cases of effective biotic sensitization of plants reported to date, a critical factor appears to be the necrosis of host cells in the zone of initial infection. However, while non-necrotic infections are ineffective inducers, necrosis per se is not effective in inducing resistance. Injury by abiotic agents such as heat, chemicals, dry ice, or various extracts from plants and microbes does not protect cucumbers against lagenarium (8-10). Infection of tobacco by a wide variety of Peronosporales fungi other than P. tabacina frequently causes severe necrosis, but does not induce systemic resistance against blue mold (Tiizun and Kuc, unpublished). 

Pianzzola, M.J., Moscatelli, M., and Vero, S. 2004. Characterization of Penicillium isolates associated with blue mold on apple in Uruguay. Plant Dis. 88, 23-28. 

No soil treatments for control of airborne pathogens (with the exception of Tobacco Blue Mold). 

Prohibit soil application for control of airborne pathogens. (The exception is where there are no available companion fungicides, e.g., tobacco blue mold.)... 

The commonest molds on grapes in California are the Blue Mold, the Black Mold and the Gray Mold. Usually only one of these occurs plentifully at the same time. Which this one will be depends principally upon the temperature and humidity. In the hotter regions the Black Mold is most common during the earlier part of the vintage, later the Blue Mold takes its place. In the cooler regions only Gray and Blue Molds occur commonly. 

Blue mold (Penicilltum glaucum). (From skin of moldy grape.)... 

Microbial Challenges. Metallic UF membranes were as described by Thomas et al. (6) and were challenged with microbial cultures prepared as indicated by Barefoot et al. (8). Challenge cultures were Pseudomonas diminuta ATCC 19146 (American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD), Bacillus coagulans 43P, Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL Y-2034 (9), baker s yeast kindly provided by Dixie Yeast Corp., Gastonia, NC, or Penicillium roqueforti blue mold powder (Dairyland Food Laboratories, Waukesha, WI). Cultures were added to either apple puree or peptone (0.1% aqueous). 

Certain types of molds can produce mycotoxin. A. flavus and A. parasiticus, under favorable conditions of temperature and humidity, can produce aflatoxins. Produces that are commonly contaminated with aflatoxins are groundnut, maize, chili, spices, and cottonseed (Cotty and Jaime-Garcia, 2007 Kumar et al., 2008). Mycotoxins can also occur in milk and milk products as a result of animals consuming mycotoxin-contaminated feed (Moss, 2002 Cotty and Jaime-Garcia, 2007). P. expansum, causing blue mold rot, can produce toxin called patulin (Barkai-Golan and Paster, 2008 Kumar et al., 2008). 

Chlorine dioxide has also been found to have utility in bleaching and maturing flour, treating water, checking blue mold in fruits, and bleaching textiles. 

Streptomycin is also permitted in USA on tobacco for control of wild fire (P. syringae pv. tabad) and blue mold (Peronospora tabacina), which is the only fungal pathogen controlled by streptomycin [57]. 

Uses Fungicide for downy mildew and red fire disease of grape vines, early and late blights of potatoes and tomatoes, blue mold of tobacco Manuf./Distrib. Bayer/Agri http //www.bayer-agro.com] ISAGRO... 

Blue mold cheese (e.g., Danish Blue, Roquefort) Same as for cheeses with small holes with the addition of Penicillium roquefortii... 

When microbial, biologically active, systems were examined for the active constituents, in many instances alkaloids of completely new and novel types were found to be the active principles. The discovery of penicillin from the blue mold preparation by A. Fleming in 1929, and the discovery of streptomycin from Aainomyces by S.A. Waksman et al. in 1944 completely changed the history of the medicine. These antibiotics, and many others containing one or more nitrogen atoms, some of which are described herein, are also regarded as alkaloids [5]. 

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