Phytophthora parasitica

Staub, T.H., and Young, T.R. 1980. Fungitoxicity of metalaxyl against Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. Phytopathology 70, 797-801. 

Cordier C., Gianianzzi S., Gianinazzi-Perason V. Colonization patterns of root tissues by Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica related to reduced disease in mycorrhizal tomato. Plant Soil 1996 185 223-232. Cordier C., Pozo M.J. Barea J.M., Gianinazzi S. Gianinazzi-Pearson V. Cell defense responses associated with localized and systemic resistance to Phytophthora parasitica induced in tomato by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus. Mol Plant-Microbe Interactions 1998 11 1017-1028. 

Tobacco was reciprocally protected against TMV, TNV, or Thielaviopsis basicola (34) against Phytophthora parasitica var. nicot ianae with TNV (63) and against TMV and E r y s i p h e cichoracearum (powdery mildew) with Peronospora tabacina (64-66). 

Tobacco blue mold tobacco mosaic tobacco ringspot black shank black root rot Peronospora tabacina 5 virus virus Phytophthora parasitica Thielaviopsis basicola, 31,32 1.3 1.3 33 34... 

Parasiticein (Phytophthora parasitica reduced) 1855a, 3126b, 4249... 

Tugaye The incompatible interaction between Phytophthora parasitica var. Nicotianae race 0 and tobacco is suppressed in transgenic plants express- 1863a. 

The hyphae of Phytophthora parasitica have been shown to have bilayered cell walls, the innermost layer consisting of cellulose microfibrils in a matrix of 3,6-3-glucan and protein and an outermost layer of water-soluble 3,6-3-glucan (71). In Schizophyllum commune a filamentous material containing 3,6-3-glucan has been shown to cover the surface of the hyphae (72). It is presumably this layer which is shed into the culture medium during cultivation of these fungi in shaken flasks. 

Recently Ravish and Kirkiacharian 60) have analyzed the effect of a series of natural and synthetic homoisoflavanones on Phytophthora parasitica and on the activity of some of its enzymes. They have found inhibition of in vitro growth and sporogenesis of the microorganism. Enzymatic studies revealed no remarkable inhibition of a polyphenol oxidase or of a- and P-amylases, whereas P-glucosidase and five pectinolytic enzymes (endo PTE/PATE and endo PMG/PG) which are directly involved in the infection mechanism are inhibited to a varying extent. No structure-dependent effects were readily perceptible except that fully methylated compounds seemed to be relatively ineffective. 

Ravish, A., and B. S. Kirkiacharian Influence de la structure de composes phenoliques sur I inhibition du Phytophthora parasitica et d enzymes participant aux processus para-sitaires. III. Homoisoflavanones. Phythopath. Z. 92, 36 (1978), and references therein. 

Tobacco is an important economic crop and a model plant for research. Many reports reveal that CTS can induce tobacco s resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), tobacco necrosis virus (TNV), and Phytophthora parasitica nicotianae. For example. Falcon studied the effect of different sizes and deacetylation degrees of chitosan derivatives on tobacco protection against P. parasitica (Falcon et al. 2008). The result of their experiment showed that different chitosans have distinct effects on this disease control though less acetylated chitosan are better for inhibition of P. parasitica... 

Falcon, A.B., Cabrer, J.C., Costales, D. et al. 2008. The effect of size and acetylation degree of chitosan derivatives on tobacco plant protection against Phytophthora parasitica nicotianae. World J. Microbiol. Biotech. 24(1) 103-112. 

The pectolytic enzymes synthesized by Phytophthora parasitica are pectin lyases rather than polygalacturonases. ... 

This work presents evidence that changes In phospholipid metabolism occur in tobacco cells following treatment with elicitors of Phytophthora parasitica nicotianae, a fungal pathogen of tobacco. Over 24 hours, a net decrease of phospholipids was observed. At early stages, this effect was counterbalanced by an apparent increased synthesis of these compounds which... 

M. Rickauer, J. Fournier and M.T. Esquerre-Tugaye, Induction of proteinase inhibitors in tobacco cell suspension culture by elicitors of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. Plant Physiol., 90 (1989) 1065-1070. 

Pozo, M., Azcon-Aguila, C., Dumas-Gaudot, E., et al. (1998). Chitosanase and chitinase activities in tomato roots during interactions with arbuscular n corrhizal fungi or Phytophthora parasitica.JExperimen Botany, 49,1729-1739. 

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