Blood plasma proteins

Human exposure to environmental contaminants has been investigated through the analysis of adipose tissue, breast milk, blood and the monitoring of faecal and urinary excretion levels. However, while levels of persistent contaminants in human milk, for example, are extensively monitored, very little is known about foetal exposure to xenobiotics because the concentrations of persistent compounds in blood and trans-placental transmission are less well studied. Also, more information is needed in general about the behaviour of endocrine disruptive compounds (and their metabolites) in vivo, for example the way they bind to blood plasma proteins. 

Akers WJ, Cupps JM, Haidekker MA (2005) Interaction of fluorescent molecular rotors with blood plasma proteins. Biorheology 42(5) 335-344... 

G Lewin, G Kuhn, U Deuse, M Buhring, B Ramsauer, I Popov. Paradox of the antiradical capacity of blood plasma proteins. In SFRR Europe Summer Meeting, July 2-5, 1999, Dresden, Germany. Book of Abstracts, p 029. 

Lowered blood plasma proteins, and heart disorders, including tachycardia and blockages (Grabowski 1981)... 

Some dmgs are bound to plasma proteins in blood. Plasma protein levels in blood may be decreased in the elderly, but this is most often not clinically relevant since a drug s elimination increases when the free, unbound drug concentration is enhanced (Turnheim 1998). The plasma albumin level may however be markedly decreased in elderly suffering from malnutrition or severe disease. For those patients the concentration of the free unbound drug can reach toxic levels (Waiter-Sack and Klotz 1996). 

Taking into account the fact that carbonyl groups in blood plasma proteins are generated upon interaction of oxygen with histidine, arginine, lysine, and prohne, their concentration could be used as an indicator of oxidative stress. The data presented in Table 21.7 provide evidence of the systemic action of Enterosgel directed at mitigation of oxidative stress. 

Blood plasma proteins from patients with malignant breast tumors differ from proteins from healthy people in their solubility in the presence of various polymers. When the polymers dex-tran and poly(ethylene glycol) are dissolved in water, a two-phase mixture is formed. When plasma proteins are added, they distribute themselves differently between the two phases. The distribution coefficient (K) for any substance is defined as K = [concentration of the substance in phase A]/[concentration of the substance in phase B]. Proteins from healthy people have a mean distribution coefficient of 0.75 with a standard deviation of 0.07. For cancer victims the mean is 0.92 with a standard deviation of 0.11. 

P17. Popov, I., Volker, H., and Lewin, G., Photochemiluminescent detection of antiradical activity. V., Application in combination with the hydrogen peroxide-initiated chemiluminescence of blood plasma proteins to evaluate antioxidant homeostasis in humans. Redox Rep. 6,43—48 (2001). 

Vinnikova [22, 23] described the spectrophotometric determination of mefenamic acid at 490 nm after conversion to its colored complex with Fast Red B salt at pH 6.60 (phosphate buffer). The method was applied for the determination of free and bound mefenamic acid, and found to be useful for studying the blood plasma protein binding, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of mefenamic acid. 

Albumin a blood plasma protein which is produced by the liver and is involved in maintaining osmotic pressure. 

Chromogenic octamethyl calix[4]pyrrole-based sensors (e.g., 165-167) for antipyretic carboxylates such as naproxen, ibuprofen, and salicylate, without bias by bicarbonate or carboxy termini of blood plasma proteins, have been described <2005JA8270>. The formation of a sensor-anion complex results in partial charge transfer and a dramatic change in color. 

Figure 2.12. Schematic of dmgs binding to proteins. Soluble proteins (such as blood plasma proteins) usually have a largely hydrophilic shell with some hydrophobic patches and crevices to which hydrophobic drag molecules will tend to bind. Albumin is the single most important protein contributing to drag binding.

Kinins Kinins are blood plasma proteins that influence smooth muscle contractions, increase blood flow, increase the permeability of small capillaries, and stimulate pain receptors. 

By contrast, beneath a healthy gingival sulcus, there is an intermittent flow of proteins from serum, blood plasma proteins in which clotting has been inactivated (Sect. 11.4.1). This exudate of serum proteins, the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), provides a sulcus that is richer in proteins than saliva and an environment that is more suited for an asaccharo-lytic microbiota (Sect. 13.1.2). Asaccharolytic bacteria secrete proteases that digest proteins to small peptides, which they digest (ferment) in the cytosol. 

DIO. Deutsch, H. F., Nichol, J. C., and Cohn, M., Biophysical studies of blood plasma proteins. XI. Immunological and electrophoretic studies of immune chicken serum. J. Immunol. 63, 195-210 (1949). 

Blood, plasma Protein adducts Protein precipitation, alkaline hydrolysis. Negative ion CI GC-MS 25 nM plasma exposure Capacio et al. (2004)... 

The synthesized or synthetic proteins previously discussed in terms of the genetic code are not necessarily the same as those that start out as nutritional or dietary proteins. However, digestive enzymes break down dietary proteins into the amino acid pool required for subsequent cell protein synthesis, as has been described. The proteins so synthesized variously become cellular structural components, enzymes and hormones, and blood plasma proteins. The latter are involved in cellular osmotic balances, that is, in ensuring a stable pressure difference across the cell walls. These blood proteins also transport substances through the vascular system, and assist in promoting inununity (Chaney, in Devlin, 1986, p. 1179ff). 

The (3-globulins represent 13% of the blood plasma proteins and include transferrin (an iron transport protein) and low-density lipoprotein. Fibrinogen, a protein involved in coagulation of blood, comprises 7% of the plasma protein. Finally, the 7-globulins, IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE, make up the remaining 11% of the plasma proteins. The 7-globuUns are synthesized by B lymphocytes, but most of the remaining plasma proteins are synthesized in the liver. In fact, a frequent hallmark of liver disease is reduced amounts of one or more of the plasma proteins. 

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