Gingival crevicular fluid

Bacterial catabolism of oral food residue is probably responsible for a higher [NHj] in the oral cavity than in the rest of the respiratory tract.Ammonia, the by-product of oral bacterial protein catabolism and subsequent ureolysis, desorbs from the fluid lining the oral cavity to the airstream.. Saliva, gingival crevicular fluids, and dental plaque supply urea to oral bacteria and may themselves be sites of bacterial NH3 production, based on the presence of urease in each of these materials.Consequently, oral cavity fNTi3)4 is controlled by factors that influence bacterial protein catabolism and ureolysis. Such factors may include the pH of the surface lining fluid, bacterial nutrient sources (food residue on teeth or on buccal surfaces), saliva production, saliva pH, and the effects of oral surface temperature on bacterial metabolism and wall blood flow. The role of teeth, as structures that facilitate bacterial colonization and food entrapment, in augmenting [NH3J4 is unknown. 

Gingival crevicular fluid Liquid found in gingival crevices located around... 

Yamaguchi M, Takada R, Kambe S, Hatakeyama T, Naitoh K, Yamazaki K, Kobayashi M. Evaluation of time-course changes of gingival crevicular fluid glucose levels in diabetics. 

Takahashi K, Mooney J, Frandsen EV, Kinane DF. IgG and IgA subclass mRNA-bearing plasma cells in periodontitis gingival tissue and immunoglobulin levels in the gingival crevicular fluid. Clin Exp Immunol 1997 107(l) 158-65. 

A network of antimicrobial salivary defense includes numerous salivary proteins. Although some defense molecules are present in a rather low concentration in whole sahva, it should be considered that local concentrations of these proteins nearby the mucosal surfaces (mucosal transudate), periodontal sulcus (gingival crevicular fluid), and oral wounds and ulcers (transudate) may be much greater (2). Furthermore, the effects are addable, synergistic, and in many cases reinforced by immune and/or inflammatory reactions (2, 16, 17). 

Analysis of in vivo-formed pellicle by a combination of electrophoretic separation and MALDI-TOF showed the presence of intact histatin 1, cystatin SN, statherin, lysozyme, albumin and amylase [15, 39], In addition, intact cytokeratins 13 and 15 and calgranulin B were identified as components of the salivary pellicle layer for the first time using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry [15]. Calgranulin B has been shown to be a component of saliva and gingival crevicular fluid [15]. The identification of cytokeratins in the salivary pellicle layer points to the oral epithelium as one of the sources of proteins adsorbed on the tooth surface. 

By contrast, beneath a healthy gingival sulcus, there is an intermittent flow of proteins from serum, blood plasma proteins in which clotting has been inactivated (Sect. 11.4.1). This exudate of serum proteins, the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), provides a sulcus that is richer in proteins than saliva and an environment that is more suited for an asaccharo-lytic microbiota (Sect. 13.1.2). Asaccharolytic bacteria secrete proteases that digest proteins to small peptides, which they digest (ferment) in the cytosol. 

Table 13.1 Interstitial and gingival crevicular fluid composition ...

An LC-MS-MS method for simultaneous determination of metronidazole and spiramycin I concentrations in human plasma, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), preceded by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). Omidazole is used as an internal standard. A C18 column is used with an eluent of acetonitrile, water, and formic acid. Intra- and interbatch precision 7, 12, and 9% in plasma, saliva, and GCF, respectively. Accuracy was lowest in saliva (15.4%) and better in plasma (8.7%) or in GCF (10.7%). Linearity, specificity, recovery, matrix effect, dilution process, stability in human plasma and saliva after three freeze-thaw cycles, stability in human plasma and saliva at ambient temperature, and stability of the extracts in the automatic injector of the HPLC system have been studied. Useful for pharmacokinetic evaluations. 

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