Blood anoxia

Amines Blood Anoxia and Amine Acute Yes Yes Probably... 

ASPHYXIA The result of a diminished supply of oxygen to the blood and tissues and interference with the respiratory function. Simple anoxia may be caused by inert gases , e.g. nitrogen, and some flammable gases, e.g. methane. Toxic anoxia may be caused by certain substances, e.g. carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide, which interfere with the body s ability to transfer or utilize oxygen in the tissues. Rapid unconsciousness and death can occur in either case. 

Anoxia Anoxia is the absence of oxygen in inspired gases or in arterial blood and/or in the tissues. This is closely related to hypoxia, which is a severe oxygen deficiency in the tissues. One can think of anoxia as the most extreme case of hypoxia. 

Toxicity. A 1% concn of the gas in air is lethal to rats in 1 hour, its effect being similar to C monoxide the LD50 in rats when injected intra-peritoneally is 8.2ml/kg (Ref 16). Earlier workers assumed that the toxicity of N trifluoride would be similar to H fluoride and that the latter would be formed by hydrolysis in body tissues (Ref 1). This has recently been shown to be erroneous, and that it is stable under physiological conds. The toxic effect is due to its ability to complex with the hemoglobin of the blood causing anoxia. This effect is reversible, and animals receiving a sublethal dose recover rapidly upon removal from contact with N trifluoride (Ref 14)... 

Proximal tubule cells are exquisitely sensitive to vasculat disturbances and acute tubular necrosis (ATN) can occur naturally in areas of poor perfusion resulting from falling blood pressure, or vasospasm of renal vessels or arterioles. In other words hypoxia associated with partial ischaemia can cause severe damage. It is not then surprising that anoxia associated with iatrogenic, surgically induced total ischaemia produces irreversible damage within a short time unless steps are taken to prevent it. 

Innovative methodologies for in vivo microdialysis in immature subjects have facilitated research in multiple areas. Clinically driven experimentation on neonatal anoxia, hypoxia, or ischemia indicates that perinatal manipulations of oxygen and blood flow result in acute and chronic disruptions of neurotransmission and transmitter turnover (Chen et al., 1997 Nakajima et al, 1999 Ogasawara et al., 1999). Recently, a role for toxic free radicals in brain damage induced by prenatal infection was also delineated by in vivo microdialysis in rat pups (Cambonie et al, 2000, 2004). More subtle neonatal manipulations, such as maternal separation or periodic neonatal isolation, coupled with subsequent in... 

In fact, CO s affinity for Hb is even greater than that of oxygen, by several hundred times Because the body s supply of red blood cells and Hb is limited, the presence of CO in inhaled air can deprive the body of oxygen, a condition called anoxia. The nature, duration, and severity of the resulting toxicity depend upon the blood COHb level created which, of course, depends upon the concentration of the CO in the inhaled air and the length of time the air is inhaled. The presence of COHb in the capillary blood imparts an abnormal red color to skin and fingernails. The conditions creating toxicity arise in the blood the actual effects appear in the nervous system, in the heart, and elsewhere. 

Metabolic acidosis In severe renal disease uncontrolled diabetes circulatory insufficiency due to shock, anoxia, or severe dehydration extracorporeal circulation of blood cardiac arrest and severe primary lactic acidosis where a rapid increase in plasma total CO2 content is crucial. Treat metabolic acidosis in addition to measures designed to control the cause of the acidosis. Because an appreciable time interval may elapse before all ancillary effects occur, bicarbonate therapy is indicated to minimize risks inherent to acidosis itself. 

Carbon monoxide Interferes with oxygen transport by blood, resulting in the reduction of oxygen supply to the heart (chronic anoxia), heart and brain damage, impaired perception... 

The antibody, a homocy to tropic antibody, circulates in the bloodstream, but has a high affinity for the surface of mast cells and binds to receptors on the surface (Fig. 6.31). This type of reaction, which occurs quickly after reexposure, underlies reactions in the respiratory system (asthma, rhinitis), skin (urticaria), gastrointestinal tract (food allergies), and vascular system (anaphylactic shock). Type I reactions can be severe, causing difficulty in breathing, loss of blood pressure, anoxia, edema in the respiratory tract, and bronchospasm, which may prove fatal. 

Physiological, pharmacological, and biochemical responses do not usually lead to a tissue lesion, although there may be organ failure as a result. They may result from interactions of chemicals with receptors or specific enzymes leading to anoxia, inhibition of cellular respiration, respiratory failure, changes in pH, temperature, blood pressure or electrolyte balance, for example. 

Sykova E, Svoboda J, Polak J, Chvatal A (1994) Extracellular volume fraction and diffusion characteristics during progressive ischemia and terminal anoxia in the spinal cord of the rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 14 301-311 Van der Toorn A, Dijkhuizen RM, Tulleken CA, Nicolay K (1996a) Diffusion of metabolites in normal and ischemic rat brain measured by localized 1H MRS. Magn Reson Med 36 914-922... 

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