Blood, amino acids

Mantagos, S., Moustogianni, A., Varvarigou, A., Frimas, C. (1989). Effect of light on diurnal variation of blood amino acids in neonates. Biol. Neonate 55, 97-103. 

Factors that stimulate glucagon secretion include a decrease in blood glucose an increase in blood amino acids sympathetic nervous stimulation stress and exercise. Factors that inhibit glucagon secretion include insulin and an increase in blood glucose. Table 10.2 summarizes the major functions of the hormones discussed in this chapter. 

Diagnosis of a urea cycle defect in the older child can be elusive. Patients may present with psychomotor retardation, growth failure, vomiting, behavioral abnormalities, perceptual difficulties, recurrent cerebellar ataxia and headache. It is therefore essential to monitor the blood ammonia in any patient with unexplained neurological symptoms, but hyperammonemia is inconstant with partial enzymatic defects. Measurement of blood amino acids and urinary orotic acid is indicated. 

Table 10.3 Effect of increases in blood amino acid concentration on rate of urea production in normal subjects and in patients suffering from cirrhosis of the liver...

Table 2.1.9 Changes of blood amino acids in various primary inherited defects and as a result of secondary changes. ASA Argininosuccinic acid, CPS carbamoyl phosphate synthase, LPI Lysinuric protein intolerance, MAD multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation, MSUD maple syrup urine disease, NAGS N-acetylglutamate synthase, NKH nonketotic hyperglycinemia, NTBC 2-(2-nitro-4-3 trifluoro-methylbenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione, OCT Ornithine carbamoyltransferase,...

I 07. A child presents with severe vomiting, dehydration, and fever. Initial blood studies show acidosis with a low bicarbonate and an anion gap (the sum of sodium plus potassium minus chloride plus bicarbonate is 40 and larger than the normal 20 to 25). Preliminary results from the blood amino acid screen show two elevated amino acids, both with nonpolar side chains. A titration curve performed on one of the elevated species shows two ionizable groups with approximate pKs of 2 and 9.5. The most likely pair of elevated amino acids consists of... 

GH release via sleep, supplements or exogenous administration is useless without sufficient circulating insulin and blood amino acids. 

Wide daily fluctuations in the concentrations of plasma tryptophan, as well as of other amino acids, occur in healthy humans.7 Feigin et al.8 reported a diurnal rhythm for total whole-blood amino acid levels in healthy humans. Daily fluctuations have been observed for all of the nutritionally important amino acids.910 A number of investigators have studied factors that may influence diurnal fluctuations of plasma tryptophan in humans.1112 Many reports cite marked variations, usually decreased levels, of plasma tryptophan, under a variety of disease states. However, it is difficult to assess the importance of these observations. 

Physiologic Low blood glucose after meals High blood amino acids after meals Exercise Sleep Stress High blood glucose after meals High blood fatty acids... 

Clark, R.H., Chace, D.H., Spitzer, A.R. (2007) Effects of two different doses of amino acid supplementation on growth and blood amino acid levels in premature neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics, 120,1286-1296. 

SYSTEMIC BLOOD AMINO ACID LEVELS AND AMINO ACID UTILIZATION... 

Follow-up studies of low birth weight infants fed high protein intakes suggest that intellectual development is reduced. Elevated blood amino acids, such as seen in transient tyrosinaemia, have also been reported to lower intelligence . It is now recommended that young infants should not be fed high protein intakes. 

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