Blender test

Other emulsion test methods are used to rate the ability of fuel to shed water. These methods include ASTM D-1401 and the Waring Blender Test. The ASTM D-1401 method is a lubricant test method, but has been adopted by the U.S. military for rating diesel fuel demulsibility.This method is summarized by ASTM as follows ... 

The Waring Blender Test is not an ASTM standard, but is commonly used to rate fuel demulsibility. This test method can be summarized as follows ... 

Texaco. 1988. Instructions for performing the Waring blender test procedure. Beacon, N.Y. 

Foams An empirical test in which an amount of potential foaming agent (or even defoaming agent) is added into a bottle containing a specified volume of liquid to be foamed. The bottle is shaken in a specific manner, for some specified time, after which the shaking is halted and the extent (volume) of foam produced is measured immediately and after a period of time of quiescent standing. This test has many variations. See also Blender Test. 

ASTM (1988) Standard Test Method for Foam in Aqueous Media (Blender Test), ASTM Designation D3519-88. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA. 

Surfactant testing and reagent screening can be performed in a variety of ways. The simplest and most common technique used in the petroleum industry is the standard blender test [7]. Other test methods [4] include Ross-Miles foam height test, flow loop testing, capillary foam testers, contact angle measurements, tensiometers and actual field evaluations. Due to its low cost, easy duplication and ability to be used in the field, blender testing has become the norm in the industry for foam based fluids. 

Interpretation of blender test results is eritieal to produet seleetion and formulation. 

Generally, foam height in a blender test deseribes the ease of foam formation, due to surfaee tension lowering and surfaee elastieity, the ability to ereate very thin lamellae and the speed with whieh foam ean be created or recreated. Half-life gives an indication of foam stability. Both measurements are important in drilling operations. Stability is required... 

Correlating blender test results with other test mechanisms and actual field observations is critical for proper foamer application. 

To Base Product A, a series of glycol ethers were added to measure foam performance in a standard blender test. The test utilized synthetic brine made by dissolving excess Allberger 3 salt into distilled water, at 90 °C. This brine is then allowed to cool to 25 °C, whereupon salt crystals precipitate out of solution. The supernatant water is then used ... 

As can be seen in Figure 4, at pH levels of 11 or above, the formula 7, when agitated in a standard blender test creates a viscous stable foam. 

Once the returned fluid had been cleaned, blender tests were run to determine the makeup concentrations of foamer and polymer. Due to natural adsorption of surfactant on the cuttings surface, maintenance concentrations of foamer and polymer were added to maintain the desii ed performance. The percentage of makeup depended on many different factors, such as penetration rate, temperature, rock type, etc. On this particular well makeup percentages were in the 0.1-0.2% range out of the original 0.8% loading. The foam system was considered to be very controllable, economical and successful by all those involved. Penetration rates of 5-10 times those achieved with conventional mud systems were realized. 

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