Bleaches additives

Other examples of concentrated laundry liquids have been described in the literature [53]. These might be called nonaqueous or low-water formulations. They may contain nonionic and anionic surfactants, inorganic builders, enzyme and bleach additives, and an organic solvent such as a low mole AE [54]. Surfactant levels may range from 30% up to 80%. In some cases, the builder salts are dispersed as solid particles in the non-aqueous phase [55]. 

The low content of water in these formulations promotes improved stabilization of enzyme and bleach additives. The combination of LAS and AE in a low-water-content formulation is effective at solubilizing enzymes and preserving enzyme stability when the sum of the LAS and water levels ranges between 25% and 45% [53],... 

Dimethylbutanol (117mmol), [3] (0.4mmol), [NaOCl] (126mmol) added at 1.4mmoEmin, T=0°C, Bleach addition time 90 min, post addition time 120 min. Determined by GO. 

Liquid detergent process patents frequently define both compositional and process requirements, such as raw material concentrations and specifications, order of addition of critical components, thermal history, premix or adjuvant preparation methods, product/process stabilizers, distributive and dispersive mixing requirements, and process instrumentation. These patents apply to the production of primary raw material constituents, such as surfactants, builders, conditioning agents, rheology regulators, hydrotropes, disinfectants, bleach additives, etc., in addition to the specification of fully formulated detergent systems. 

Whereas acid-base reactions can be characterized as proton-transfer processes, the class of reactions called oxidation-reduction, or redox, reactions are considered electron-transfer reactions. Oxidation-reduction reactions are very much a part of the world around ns. They range from the burning of fossil fuels to the action of household bleach. Additionally, most metallic and nomnetaUic elements are obtained from their ores by the process of oxidation or reduction. 

These considerations are important because they show that the form in which chlorine is added can affect the water chemistry in different ways. The addition of significant amounts of Cl2(g) to a low alkalinity water could depress pH to an unacceptably low value. Bleach addition would not cause such a pH depression. The use of HTH as a disinfectant in swimming pools is not to be recommended because the increase in hardness and alkalinity that accompanies its addition can aggravate scale (CaCOa precipitation) problems. 

A variety of liquid bleach additives are now being offered in dual-chamber bottles to separate the bleach active component from alkalinity or sensitive enzymes. Several patents also describe the use of the peracid PAP in such formulations, but to date no such product is commercially available. 

If the lignin is not removed in the bleaching process, as is usually the case with pulps with a high lignin content, such as mechanical, ground-wood and NSSC pulps, either reductive or oxidative chemicals are used for pulp brightening. Sodium dithionite is the most common reductive chemical in use today, and peroxides are commonly used if the process is oxidative. When chemothermomechanical pulp is bleached, additional chemicals such as sodium silicate or DTPA (diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid) are also used. 

Monoesterquats based on dimethylethanolamine [94] have been suggested in a number of patent applications for use in granular detergents, in the presence of other additives like anionic, nonionic, or zwitterionic surfactants, enzymes, various soil release polymers, and hydrophobic bleach additives. These compositions showed improved detergency on specific stains [82,95-101]. Esterquat-containing formulations for detergent compositions (powder, liquid, or tablet) are described [102]. 

Uses Coactive, detergent, antistat, foam booster/stabilizer and vise, modifier for personal care prods, surgical scrubs, fire fighting foam cones., foamed rubbers, carpet backing, bleach additive solubilizer Properties Pale straw liq. dens. 0.98 g/cc vise. 25 cs (20 C) pH 7.5 0.5 (5% aq.) 30.0 1,5% act,... 

Uses Detergent, antistat, foam booster/stabilizer for foamed rubbers, fire fighting, bleach additive, shampoos, hair and bath prods. 

Formula CH3(CH2),oCH2N(CH2CH20),(CH2CH20),0. avg. (x+y) = 3 Uses Surfactant, antistat in cosmetics coactive, foam booster/stabilizer, vise, modifier for personai care prods., fire fighting foam cones. foam mbber bleach additive... 

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