Black cumin

The known hazardous effects of most synthetic corrosion inhibitors are the reasons for the search of safer and environmentally friendly natural products. Plant extracts are viewed as an incredibly rich source of naturally synthesized chemical compounds that can be extracted at low costs. Naturally occurring substances such as vanillin [1], Opuntia extracts [2], lawsonia extract [3], natural honey [4] and extracts of chamomile, halfabar, black cumin and kidney bean [5] are some... 

Nigella sativa grains known in the Middle and Far East as black grain or black cumin has an inhibitory effect on clinical carcinogenesis, and the said effects are mediated via inhibition of... 

Linoleic acid (18 2n-6) is an essential fatty acid that must be obtained through diets. In this section, fruit, spice, and herb seed oils rich in linoleic acids are summarized. These seed oils include watermelon, melon Cucumis melo and Colocynthis citrullus), goldenberry, grape, rose fruit, paprika, red pepper, onion, black cumin, and Onagraceae seed oils. Several seed oils may be listed in other sections if they contain significant level of a special fatty acid. For example, pumpkin seed oils rich in both oleic acid and linoleic acid, are listed under the section named, Edible seed oils rich in oleic acid (18 ln-9). ... 

Fatty Acid Red Peppei Onion< > Onion Black Cumin > Onagraceae ... 

Red pepper, Onion, Black cumin, and Onagraceae stand for red pepper, onion, black cumin, and Onagraceae seed oil. Numbers correspond to the references cited, nd stands for not detected. 

In ancient times, the alkaloids were used also for other purposes. It is known that black cumin seeds contain dopamine, which has been used historically in the Middle East and India as traditional tonic for many aliments, in confectionery, and in bakeryNowadays, research confirms that these seeds also have a lot of biological compounds also in the seed coat, including sesquiterpene and indazole alkaloids. 

R. Zawirska-Wojtasiak, S. Mildner-Szkudlarz, E. W sowicz, M. Pacyrtski, Gas chromatography, sensory analysis and electronic nose in the evaluation of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) aroma quality. Herba Polonica 56(4), 20-30 (2010)... 

Black cumin. See Black caraway (Nigella sativa) Black currant Black currant buds. See Black currant (Ribes nigrum)... 

M. F. Ramadan and J. T. Morsel, Analysis of glycolipids from black cumin (Nigella sativa L.), coriander Coriandrum sativum L.) and niger Guizotia abys-sinica Cass.) oilseeds . Food Chem, 2003,80,197-204. 

English name Black cumin, wild cumin... 

In contrast to the thousands of alkaloids containing an indole, or 2,3-dihydroindole, nucleus, there is only a handful that contain an indazole moiety the sulfate 30, for example, was isolated from black cumin, Nigella sativa (2008JNP1111), the seeds of which are used as a spice. 

Black cumin seed oil Nigella sativa L., Ranunculaceae) was tested for its penetration enhancer activity on carvedilol using excised albino Wistar rat abdominal skin. At a concentration of 5% the EO showed the most potent enhancing effects. The transdermal ux and the permeability coef -dent were higher than in the control group (Saima et al., 2010). 

Saima, A., Showkat, R., Kanchan, K., Babar, A., and Mohad, A. (2010). A study of the chemical composition of black cumin oil and its effect on penetratin enhancement from transdermal formulation. I LPro Res. 24(12), 1151-1157. 

The antinociceptive effects of N. sativa (black cumin, Ranunculaceae) oil and its major component thymoquinone were investigated by Abdel-Fattah et al. (2000). After oral administration of doses ranging from 50 to 400 mg/kg the nociceptive response was suppressed in the hot-plate test, tail-pinch test, acetic acid-induced writhing test, and in the early phase of formalin test. There was also an inhibition of nociceptive response in the late phase of the formalin test after systemic administration and i.p. injection of thymoquinone. The s.c. injection of naloxone (1 mg/kg) significantly blocked the antinociceptive effect of N. sativa oil and thymoquinone in the early phase of the formalin test. In N. sativa oil- and thymoquinone-tolerant mice the antinociceptive effect of morphine was significantly reduced, but not vice versa. These findings indicate that N. sativa oil as weU as thymoquinone induce an antinociceptive effect by means of an indirect activation of pi- and p-opioid receptor subtypes. 

A further study was carried out on the anti-inflammatory effect of the EO of Iranian black cumin seeds (BCS) (N. sativa L. Ranunculaceae) by Hajhashemi et al. (2004). p-Cymene (37.3%) and thymoquinone (13.7%) were found to be the main compounds. For the detection of the anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenan-induced paw edema test in rats was used and also the croton oil-induced ear edema in mice. After oral administration of this EO at various doses no significant anti-inflammatory effect could be observed in the carrageenan test, whereas i.p. injection of the same doses significantly reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema. At doses of 10 and 20 pL/ear, BCS-EO also caused a reduction of a CTOton oil-induced edema. An anti-inflanunatory effect could be observed after both systanic and local administration and thymoquinone seemed to play an important role in this pharmacological effect. 

Hajhashemi, V., A. Ghannadi, and H. Jafarabadi, 2004. Black cumin seed essential oil, as a potent analgesic and antiinflammatory drug. Phytother. Res., 18(3) 195-199. 

Salim El, Fukushima S (2003) Chemopreventive potential of volatile oil from black cumin (Nigella saliva L.) seeds against rat colon carcinogenesis. Nutr Cancer 45 195 Schera JM, Burgessb EJ, Lorimerb SD, Perry NB (2002) A cytotoxic sesquiterpene and unprecedented sesquiterpene-bisbibenzyl compounds from the liverwort Schistochila glaucescens. Tetrahedron 58 7875... 

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