Pittsburgh bituminous coal

HIGH SULFUR BITUMINOUS COAL - PITTSBURGH SEAM... 

Smoot and Smith [4] suggest combinations of data (data set 1) for American HV bituminous coal (Pittsburgh No. 8), which should be suitable for gasification modeling. However, Libby and Blake [10] also introduced a more general combination of data [11,12] (data set 2), the aim of which was to reflect the average for... 

It is estimated that approximately 0.9 to 2.1 m of reasonably compacted plant material was required to form 0.3 m of bituminous coal. Uifferent ranks of coal require different amounts of time. It has been estimated that the time required for deposition of peat sufficient to provide 0.3 m of the various ranks of coal was lignite, 160 years bituminous coal, 260 years and anthracite, 490 years. Another estimate indicates that a 2.4 m bed of Pittsburgh Seam (bituminous) coal required about 2,100 years for the deposition of necessaiy peat, while an anthracite bed with a thickness of 9.1 m required about 15,000 years. 

Figure 4. Relation between volatile content and reflectance of coals. Solid curve (BCR) by Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., Pittsburgh. Broken curve (McC) based on data published by McCartney (28). Reflectance of Martinsburg anthraxolite indicates approximately 7% volatile matter...

Samples Preparation. The coal liquids were derived from the catalytic liquefaction of Pittsburgh Seam bituminous and Wyoming sub-bituminous coals. The analysis of these coals is given in Table I. The coals were liquefied in a bench-scale catalytic unit using cyclone overhead product as recycle solvent to insure that the liquid products were derived from the coal and not the solvent. The product streams from... 

The present paper presents batch autoclave data on the direct hydrocracking of a single sub-bituminous coal from the Powder River basin of southeastern Montana. Comparative data were also obtained with the Pittsburgh Seam bituminous coal that was used in the previous work (I). Data on the regeneration of simulated spent melts from such an operation are also given in a continuous bench-scale, fluidized-bed combustion unit. 

Bruceton bituminous, a Pittsburgh Seam coal was used in the experiment. The chemical analyses of coal is given in Table I. The coal was dried in vacuum 343 K prior to use and stored in glass containers under nitrogen. 

For our own work, channel samples of Pittsburgh No. 8 coal from the Grafton Mine, Churchville, WV, and Illinois No. 6 coal from the Captain Mine, Percy, IL, were used. Two separate batches, IL6 and IL6A, of the Illinois coal were used. The characteristics of the 2 bituminous coals are listed in Table I. 

In 1926, the First International Conference on Bituminous Coal (ICBC) was held in Pittsburgh, PA, at the midpoint of a three-decade-long period when coal represented a commodity of immense industrial importance and an object of intense scientific interest. At that time coal was the primary fuel of industry and the source of coke for steel manufacture and of many of the chemicals upon which a great new chemical industry rested. Gasification of coal still provided most of the town gas used for many domestic and commercial purposes. Efforts to convert coal to liquid fuels used the latest advances in high-pressure technology and led to the development of metal sulfide catalysts that are still mainstays in modem petroleum refining. 

The Pittsburgh Seam (No. 8) Bituminous coal is from the Ireland Mine of the Consolidation Coal Company. 

Four coals were selected for process evaluation whose sulfur form distribution is typical of coals east of the Mississippi River and which represent major U.S. coal beds Pittsburgh, Lower Kittanning, Illinois No 5, and Herrin No. 6. The Pittsburgh bed has been described as the most valuable individual mineral deposit in the United States and perhaps in the world. Its production accounts for approximately 35%. of the total cumulative production of the Appalachian bituminous coal basin to January 1, 1965 and 21% of the total cumulative production of the United States to that date (5). The Lower Sattanning bed together with its correlative beds contains even larger reserves than the Pittsburgh seam. The No. 5 bed is the most widespread and commercially valuable coal bed in... 

Table lY. Comparison of Pittsburgh Bed High Volatile A Bituminous Coal and Char Produced at 1900 F, 400 psig, and 91% H2, 9% N2... 

Carbonization. When coal is heated to temperatures 900 to 1200°C in the absence of air, most of the volatile matter is driven off, leaving a char, or, in the case of metallurgical bituminous coal, a coke. The atmosphere in a coke oven consists principally of hydrogen and methane. Consequently, pyrite is reduced to a mixture of iron sulfide (troilite and pyrrhotite) and iron metal [ ]. The amount of iron metal formed depends on both the temperature and the composition of the coke-oven gas. The reduction of iron sulfide to iron metal is desirable since blast furnace operation is more efficient with low sulfur coke. Calcite reacts with the liberated sulfur to form calcium sulfate, thus retaining sulfur in the coke. Calcium XANES spectra of coke produced from Pittsburgh seam coal in which all calcium is initially present as calcite indicate that approximately 70 percent of the calcite is converted to calcium sulfate during coking. 

High ranked bituminous coals like those of the Pittsburgh seam contain a distribution of discrete mineral matter particles in the size range from 50 to 1 pm which can be released and physically separated from the coal by normal fracture mechanisms experienced in wet ball milling. Separation of the product coal from the mineral matter dispersed in water was achieved by agglomeration methods. 

Proc. 2nd. Inti, Conf. on Bituminous Coal, 1928 32 47, Carnegie Inst. Tech., Pittsburgh. 

Of the coals to be studied in this project, attention was focused on high volatile bituminous coal. Most of the work was devoted to Pittsburgh No. 8 seam coal from Ireland mine, with some tests on Ohio No. 6 seam coal from Broken Arrow mine and a highly volatile West Virginia No. 5 block coal. Proximate and ultimate analyses of these are given in Table I. Typical run data and product analyses are shown in Table II. 

Figure 4. Approach to carbon-hydrogen reaction equilibrium for pretreated Pittsburgh seam bituminous coal...

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