Pigments bismuth

For packaging colored with cadmium pigments the furthermore production, handling or putting into circulation in the EU will be no longer permitted. For cadmium containing returnable crates which are in circulation an exception rule is in discussion in 1997. 

Recently, BASF placed a new reddish yellow bismuth vanadate pigment on the market (trade name Sicopal Yellow L 1600). 

Chemical resistance in crosslinked paint films acid alkali 

5% by weight in dry film about 70 pm over black/white 

Bismuth vanadate pigments are used in the manufacture of lead-free, weather resistant, brilliant yellow colors for automobile finishes and industrial paints. They are suitable for the pigmentation of solvent-containing paints, water-based paints, powder coatings, and coil-coating systems. It can be mixed with other pigments 

In the powder process, finely divided cadmium carbonate or cadmium oxide is subjected to intensive mechanical mixing with sulfur and mineralizers and then calcined in the absence of oxygen. The addition of zinc or selenium produces the same effects as in the precipitation process. The product is worked up in the same way as in the precipitation process. The main producer of cadmium pigments is Millenium (USA). 

The actual volume of bismuth vanadate pigments is estimated to be around 12001 a and is steadily increasing. 

Bismuth-containing special effect pigments based on platelet-shaped crystals of bismuth oxide chloride (bismuth oxychloride, BiOCl) have been known for a long time (see Section 5.3.1.3). 

---

Perchloric acid Acetic acid, acetic anhydride, alcohols, antimony compounds, azo pigments, bismuth and its alloys, methanol, carbonaceous materials, carbon tetrachloride, cellulose, dehydrating agents, diethyl ether, glycols and glycolethers, HCl, HI, hypophosphites, ketones, nitric acid, pyridine, steel, sulfoxides, sulfuric acid... 

Bismuth V n d te. The use of lead chromate pigments has been slowly phased out of many appHcations. Thus a search for more environmentally acceptable relatively inexpensive yeHow pigments having exceHent coloristic properties has been ongoing. 

Bismuth oxychloride [7787-59-9]—Cl Pigment White 14, Cl No. 77163. A synthetically prepared white or nearly white amorphous or finely crystalline, odorless powder consisting principally of BiOCl. Bismuth oxychloride is synthetic pearl essence. It is used in Upstick, nail poHsh, eye makeup, and other cosmetics to produce a lustrous, pearly effect. 

Schwefel-weinsaure, /. sulphovinic acid (old name for ethylsulfuric add). -werk, n. sulfur refinery, -wismut, n. bismuth sulfide, -wurz, /. brimstonewort. -wurzel, /. (Pharm.) peucedanum root, brimstonewort root, -zink, m. n. zinc sulfide, -zinkweiss, n. a pigment containing chiefiy zinc sulfide (litho-pone, zincolith). -zinn, n. tin sulfide. 

The brittle, silvery, shiny metal was long considered the last stable element of the Periodic Table. In 2003 it was unmasked as an extremely weak alpha emitter (half-life 20 billion years). Like thulium, there is only one isotope. Bismuth alloys have low melting points (fuses, fire sprinklers). As an additive in tiny amounts, it imparts special properties on a range of metals. Applied in electronics and optoelectronics. The oxichloride (BiOCl) gives rise to pearlescent pigments (cosmetics). As bismuth is practically nontoxic, its compounds have medical applications. The basic oxide neutralizes stomach acids. A multitalented element. Crystallizes with an impressive layering effect (see right). 

Bismuthonium ylides, 4 34 Bismuth(III) oxide, 4 23-24 Bismuth oxide(l l), 4 23 Bismuth oxide(l 2), 4 23 Bismuth oxide(2 4), 4 23 Bismuth oxide(3 5), 4 23 Bismuth oxide(4 9), 4 23 Bismuth oxide halides, 4 23 Bismuth oxides, 4 23-24 Bismuth oxybromide, 4 23 Bismuth oxychloride, 4 23 physical properties of, 4 20t pigment used in makeups, 7 836t Bismuth oxyfluoride, 4 23 Bismuth oxyiodide, 4 23 Bismuth pentafluoride, 4 22 physical properties of, 4 20t Bismuth phosphate, 4 25... 

Bismuth tritelluride, 4 24 physical properties of, 4 20t Bismuth trithiocyanate, 4 25 Bismuth Vanadate Yellow, 19 405-406 pigment for plastics, 7 370t Bismuthyl carbonate hemihydrate, 4 25 Bismuthyl nitrate hemihydrate, 4 25 Bismuthyl nitrite hemihydrate, 4 25 Bis(lV-maleimidomethyl) ether (BME), hemoglobin modifier, 4 113 Bisoprolol fumarate, molecular formula and structure, 5 156t Bis(pentafluorophenyl)borane, 13 638 Bis(pentafluorophenyl)tri-4-tolylbismuth, 4 35... 

Commonly, blends of organic pigments with suitable inorganic pigments are used, such as nickel titanium yellow, chrome titanium yellow, bismuth-molybdenum-vanadium-oxide, or iron oxide. 

Bismuth chloride (BP + 3C1 — BiCl ) reacts with water to produce what is known as bismuth white pigment. 

Bismuth chloride is used to prepare several other bismuth salts as a catalyst in organic synthesis and as a constituent in pigments and cosmetics. 

Bismuth oxychloride is used in face powder and other cosmetics. It also is used in pigments dry-ceU cathodes to make artificial pearls and in medicines. 

An example of a new material without toxicological problems is the brilliant yellow, bismuth vanadate. Cl Pigment Yellow 184, made by the reaction of bismuth nitrate with sodium vanadate, followed by calcining at 300-700 °C. 

Pearl White.—Pure oxide or subnitrato of bismuth In powder. This pigment darkens in atmospheres containing sulphide of hydrogen. One ounce triturated with four ounces of orange-flower water makes liquid white. ... 

---