Bismuth ammonium citrate

Other compounds used in medicine include bismuth ammonium citrate (Bi(NH4)3(C6H507)2), bismuth citrate (BiC6H507)2), bismuth subgallate (Bi(0H)200CC6H2(0H)3), and bismuth tannate. These compounds are used to treat a large variety of problems, including burns, stomach ulcers, and intestinal disorders, and in veterinary applications. 

Ammonium citrate dibasic Barium fluoride Barium nitrate Bismuth Calcium fluoride Calcium titanate Carbon Cobalt sulfate (ous) Gold Hydrogen peroxide y-Linolenic acid Niobium oxide Nitrogen Palmitoleic acid Polyester carbonate resin Selenium Sodium chlorite Strontium titanate electronics applies. 

Ammonium citrate dibasic Ammonium citrate tribasic Ammonium phosphate Bismuth subcarbonate Butane Butylene glycol n-Butyric acid Caicium iodate Candeiiiia (Euphorbia cerifera) wax Canthaxanthine... 

Direct Titrations. The most convenient and simplest manner is the measured addition of a standard chelon solution to the sample solution (brought to the proper conditions of pH, buffer, etc.) until the metal ion is stoichiometrically chelated. Auxiliary complexing agents such as citrate, tartrate, or triethanolamine are added, if necessary, to prevent the precipitation of metal hydroxides or basic salts at the optimum pH for titration. Eor example, tartrate is added in the direct titration of lead. If a pH range of 9 to 10 is suitable, a buffer of ammonia and ammonium chloride is often added in relatively concentrated form, both to adjust the pH and to supply ammonia as an auxiliary complexing agent for those metal ions which form ammine complexes. A few metals, notably iron(III), bismuth, and thorium, are titrated in acid solution. 

Widespread medicinal use of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS) has prompted extensive studies of bismuth compounds involving the citrate anion. Bismuth citrate is essentially insoluble in water, but a dramatic increase in solubility with increasing pH has been exploited as a bio-ready source of soluble bismuth, a material referred to as CBS. Formulation of these solutions is complicated by the variability of the bismuth anion stoichiometry, the presence of potassium and/ or ammonium cations, the susceptibility of bismuth to oxygenation to Bi=0, and the incorporation of water in isolated solids. Consequently, a variety of formulas are classified in the literature as CBS. Solids isolated from various, often ill-defined combinations of bismuth citrate, citric acid, potassium hydroxide, or ammonium hydroxide have been assigned formulas on the basis of elemental analysis data or by determination of water and ammonia content, but are of low significance in the absence of complementary data other than thermal analysis (163), infrared spectroscopy (163), or NMR spectroscopy (164). In this context, the Merck index lists the chemical formula of CBS as KgfNHJaBieOafOHMCeHsCbh in the 11th edition (165), but in the most recent edition provides a less precise name, tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate (166). 

See American Patent, 1077462 Baiziss and Qavion, J. Amer. Ghem. Soe., 1921, 43. 583 Christiansen, ibid., 1922, 44, 2340 Fonmeau, Tr4 ouel, and B6noit, BuU. 80c. ehim., 1927, [iv.], 41, 499. Stable solutions of bismuth salts of this derivative or similar arylarsinic acids are prepared by the addition of a base such as piperazine, or sodium ctr ammonium hydromde, to a susmnsion of the salt, to render it soluble, and of a salt of an aliphatic hydroxypolybasio aciA such as potassium tartrate or citrate—British Patent, 277774 (1926) French Patent, 632834, See British Patent, 264797 (1926). 

De-nol Trade name for the potassium salt or mixed ammonium potassium salt of a bismuth citrate complex, used in the treatment of ulcers. 

Paracelsus made the general introduction of several heavy metals into medicine in the 16th century and nowadays the particular use of bismuth compounds is focused upon the treatment of disorders of the alimentary system (14 such drugs are commonly prescribed in Britain). Several of these medicines are based upon a red viscous colloidal bismuth citrate solution containing ammonium hydroxide plus a colourant, a sweetening agent and emollients such as sorbitol or glycerine at pH = 10. 

Ammonium acetate Ammonium bicarbonate Ammonium carbamate Ammonium carbonate Ammonium chloride Ammonium hydroxide Ammonium lactate Ammonium phosphate L-Ascorbic acid Bismuth citrate... 

Ammonium phosphate, dibasic Benzoic acid Bismuth citrate Calcium citrate Calcium hydroxide Calcium pyrophosphate... 

For spectrophotometric lead determination the procedure normally used is the addition of sulfide to a solution, which results in the formation of a brown color due to the formation of colloidal lead sulfide. Ammonium, chloride, tartrates and citrates, as well as copper, bismuth, iron, and aluminum can cause interference. 

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