Biopolymer-based nanocomposites properties

Biermann C (1996) Handbook of pulping and papermaking, 2nd edn. Academic Press, London Bondeson D (2007) Biopolymer-based Nanocomposites processing and properties. Thesis for the degree of philosophiae doctor Trondheim. ISBN 978-82-471-1254-0 (printed ver) ISBN 978-82-471-1268-7 (electronic ver) ISSN 1503-818... 

Kumar, R, Sandeep, K. R, Alavi, S.,and Truong, V. D. A review of experimental and modeling techniques to determine properties of biopolymer-based nanocomposites. J. FoodSci., 76, E2-E14(2011). 

Petersson L, Oksman K. Cellulose nanocomposites processing, characterization and properties, preparation and properties of biopolymer based nanocomposites films using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). In Oksman K, Sain M, editors. ACS Symposium Series, vol. 938. Oxford Press 2006. 

Bondeson D. Biopolymer-based nanocomposites processing and properties. PhD Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology 2007. 

In the chapter Dispersion of Inorganic Nanoparticles in Polymer Matrices Challenges and Solutions, the synthesis, properties, and applications of nanoparticles their surface modification and preparation of polymer-inorganic nanocomposites are reviewed in detail. The chapter Recent Advances on Fibrous Clay-Based Nanocomposites reviews recent results on nanocomposite materials derived from the fibrous clay silicates sepiolite and palygorskite and combined with diverse types of polymers, from typical thermoplastics to biopolymers such as polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. The chapter Nanohybrid Materials by Electrospinning highlights recent progress and current issues in the production of... 

Among the entire potential nanocomposite precursors, those based on layered silicates have been most widely researched probably because the starting clay materials are easily available and environmentally friendly, due to their low cost, and because their intercalation chemistry has been studied for a long time [25], Biopolymer-clay nanocomposites are a new type of materials, which are prepared by adding low amounts of clay (1-5%) to the biopolymer matrix [26]. Montmorillonite is the most commonly used natural clay and has been successfully applied in numerous nanocomposite systems [13], Some studies have reported amelioration of mechanical properties, thermal stability, water absorption, and electrical, rheological, and morphological properties of alginate films via the incorporation of nanoclay into polymer matrices [27],... 

Other biopolymers useful for synthesis of nanocomposites include (i) gelatin—a water-soluble protein obtained by extracting collagen liom animal skin and bones and thermal denaturation. (ii) PHB—a natural product of biosynthesis performed by bacteria in nature, (iii) Chitosan—a natural polymer widely found in exoskeletons of crustaceans and insects, as well as in the cell walls of microorganisms (Maiti et al. 2003 Zheng et al. 2002 Takegawa et al. 2010). Moreover, the mechanical and water vapor barrier properties of chitosan-based nanocomposites with cellulose nanofibers could be enhanced. 

Starch is another semicrystalline biopolymer which can be used both as nanoreinforcement and as a matrix in composites. When used as a matrix, starch is usually blended with plasticizer to improve its processing and mechanical properties. Studies have shown significant improvements in tensile properties of nanocomposites, whether starch is used as a reinforcement or a matrix. BC-based nanocomposites have been shown to exhibit superior properties than vegetable cellulose-based nanocomposites. 

Alemdar A, Sain M (2008) Biocomposites from wheat straw nanofibers morphology, thermal and mechanical properties. Compos Sci Technol 68 557-565 Angellier H, Dufi sne A (2013) Mechanical properties of starch-based nanocomposites. In Dufresne A, Thomas S, Pothan LA (eds) Biopolymer nanocomposites processing, properties, and applications. Wiley, Hoboken... 

PLA/PCL-OMMT nano-composites were prepared effectively using fatty amides as clay modifier. The nano-composites shows increasing mechanical properties and thermal stability (Hoidy et al, 2010c). New biopolymer nano-composites were prepared by treatment of epoxidized soybean oil and palm oil, respectively plasticized PLA modified MMT with fatty nitrogen compounds. The XRD and TEM results confirmed the production of nanocomposites. The novelty of these studies is use of fatty nitrogen compoimds which reduces the dependence on petroleum-based surfactants (Al-Mulla et al., 2011 Al-Mulla et ah, 2011 Al- Mulla et ah, 2010c). 

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