Biomass species, composition

In this way, the near-linear chlorophyll-phosphorus relationship in lakes depends upon the outcome of a large number of interactive processes occurring in each one of the component systems in the model. One of the most intriguing aspects of those components is that the chlorophyll models do not need to take account of the species composition of the phytoplankton in which chlorophyll is a constituent. The development of blooms of potentially toxic cyanobacteria is associated with eutrophication and phosphorus concentration, yet it is not apparent that the yield of cyanobacterial biomass requires any more mass-specific contribution from phosphorus. The explanation for this paradox is not well understood, but it is extremely important to understand that it is a matter of dynamics. The bloom-forming cyanobacteria are among the slowest-growing and most light-sensitive members of the phytoplankton. ... 

Algal densities and biomass reduced, diversity decreased, and species composition altered. Within 16 days after removal of atrazine stress, net productivity was indistinguishable from controls, but community structure remained altered at day 21 (Hamala and Kollig 1985)... 

Decomposition rates of some organic substrates are reduced. Substantial changes in the species composition of primary producers occur. The richness of phytoplankton species is reduced, while biomass and productivity of phytoplankton are not reduced by acidification. The biomass of herbivorous and predaceous zooplankton is probably reduced because of reductions in numbers of organisms and/or reduction in their average size. Many benthic invertebrates such as species of snails, clams, crayfish, amphipods, and various aquatic insects are intolerant of low pH and are seldom found in acidic lakes. However, certain large aquatic insects such as water boatmen and gyrinids are very acid tolerant and may become the top predators in some acidified lakes. Acidification of aquatic systems has major effects on fish population. 

There are several parameters that have an effect on the yield and the composition of the volatile fraction of biomass during pyrolysis the biomass species, the chemical and structural composition of the biomass, the temperature, the particle size, etc. (Demirbas, 2002). 

Vymazal, J., and Richardson, C.J. (1995) Species composition, biomass, and nutrient content of periphyton in the Florida Everglades. J. Phycol. 31, 343-354. 

Therefore, if no impact can be found in a plant community in terms of species composition, frequency, presence, total biomass, or quality of product after long term exposures to specific pollutants or pollutant complexes, the pollutant or pollutant complex is of no importance to the plant community at the ambient concentrations measured. Thus our final concern over air pollutants and their impact on vegetation should involve their effects on plant communities, whether simple or complex, domestic or natural. 

In the development of the populations of planktonic and bottom algae one can trace the seasonal dynamics of the phytocoenosis represented by the alternation of the dominating species and by the changes in their abundance and biomass. In the years different with respect to the climatic conditions, the species composition as well as the dynamics of the abundance and production of algae strongly varies. With respect to the level of the primary production, the Black Sea ecosystem may be referred to as a mesotrophic-type of marine basin. In mesotrophic waters, the phytoplankton consumption by zooplankton, which represents an important food object for fish with short lifecycles, proceeds more intensively than in oligotrophic waters. The coefficient of matter transfer from the primary production to the higher trophic levels is about... 

DiTullio GR, Smith WO Jr (1996) Spatial patterns in phytoplankton biomass and pigment distributions in the Ross Sea. J Geophys Res 101 18467-18477 DiTullio GR, Hutchins DA, Bruland KW (1993) Interaction of iron and major nutrients controls phytoplankton growth and species composition in the tropical north Pacific Ocean. Limnol Oceanogr 38 495-508 DiTullio GR, Grebmeier JM, Arrigo KR, Lizotte MP, Robinson DH, Leventer A, Barry JP, VanWoert ML, Dunbar RB (2000) Rapid and early export of Phae-ocystis antarctica blooms in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Nature 404 595-598... 

A second factor that may determine the rate of biomass accumulation is species composition. Secondary forests on sites with histories of intensive land use, and that are far from sources of tree seeds, may be depauperate in some of the fast growing pioneer species that are responsible for rapid biomass accumulation during initial secondary forest growth (Uhl et al. 1988). 

Sader, S. A. 1987. Forest biomass, canopy struture and species composition relationships with multipolarization L-band syntetic aperture radar data, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing. 53(2) 193-202. 

In this chapter we discuss the distribution and the development of plant communities in floodplain areas, mainly of the big whitewater rivers, focusing on factors such as diversity, species composition, biomass and primary production. Based upon these factors, we also discuss the annual dynamics of bioelements stocks and their turnover through herbaceous and floodplain forest communities. Finally, we examine the implications of such nutrient dynamics and turnover for the aquatic biota. We do not address carbon and nutrient budgets, as these are thoroughly discussed in chapter 14. 

Chavez, F. P., Barber, R. T., Kosro, M., Huyer, A., Ramp, S., Stanton, T. P., and Rojas de Mendiola, B. (1991). Horizontal transport and the distribution of nutrients in the Coastal Transition Zone off Northern Cahfomia— Effects on primary production, phytoplankton biomass and species composition. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 96, 14833—14848. 

Nitrogen plays a major role in controlling the dynamics of marsh plants and plant communities. Two excellent reviews on the physiological ecology and effects of N-enrichment on intertidal marsh plants include Haines and Dunn (1985) and Morris (1991). Supply of N affects (1) plant production and biomass, (2) plant architecture, resource allocation, and tissue N content, (3) plant species composition, and (4) marsh community structure. 

Of particular interest in relation to Si N interactions and diatoms is the relatively recent finding that iron provides a strong regulating influence on the species composition of phytoplankton assemblages, as well as on the elemental ratios of diatoms. Fe and Si supply appear to be particularly important in several large areas where high concentrations of other macro nutrients (N, P) are present in surface waters. These HNLC areas (Minas et al, 1986) are characterized by low phytoplankton biomass... 

Makarewicz J. C. (1993) Phytoplankton biomass and species composition in Eake Erie, 1970 to 1987. J. Great Lakes Res. 

Munawar M. and Munawar I. F. (1976) A lakewide study of phytoplankton biomass and its species composition in Lake Erie, April-December 1970. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 33, 581-600. 

The fundamentals of photosynthesis are examined in this chapter, with emphasis on how they relate to biomass production and its limitations. The compositions of different biomass species and the chemical structures of the major components are also examined in the context of biomass as an energy resource and feedstock. 

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