Liquid biomass

Elliot, D.C., Baker, E.G., Hydrotreating biomass liquids to produce hydrocarbon fuels, In Klass, D.L. (ed.), 1987, Energy from Biomass and Waste, publ. IGT, Chicago, p. 765. 

Employing process conditions similar to those used for steam reforming of natural gas (e.g. fixed-bed reactors, temperatures in the 800-900 °C range) has been demonstrated to be inadequate for processing thermally unstable biomass liquids [29]. The most important problem is represented by coke formation, especially in the upper layer of the catalyst bed and in the reactor freeboard, that limits the operation time (e.g. 3—4 h on commercial Ni-based catalysts) and requires a long regeneration process for the catalyst (e.g. 6-8 h on commercial Ni-based catalysts). 

An economically attractive approach to commercial production of diesel fuel substitutes from natural biomass liquids in North America appears to be the direct conversion of waste biomass oils to super cetane by catalytic hydrotreatment. This technology is expected to be commercialized first in Canada where it was developed. The availability of large amounts of feedstock... 

Our present study was a fundamental investigation on the feasibility of biomass liquidization. Cabbage and water hyacinth were treated in an autoclave to determine whether liquidization takes place for only biomass, i.e., in the absence of steamed rice, clam shells, dried sardines, and butter. 

BIOMASS LIQ UIDIA TION EXPERIMENT Biomass liquidization... 

An important aspect of biomass liquid (bio-)fuels can be produced from this renewable source [3]. This paper discusses installations for the combined production of liquid fuels and electricity and heat tri-generation. 

Entrained flow fast pyrolysis was developed at Georgia Tech Research Institute (25) and scaled up by Egemin (26), Further details are available in (14). Neither the GTRI nor Egemin process is now operational and there are no known plans for further development, probably because of the difficulties that have been encountered in achieving good heat transfer from a gaseous heat carrier to solid biomass. Liquid yields of 50-60%wt. on dry feed have been obtained. 

Rating index for liquefaction is given in equation (2) which is defined as product of liquid yield and higher heating value of pyrolysis liquids divided by mole of hydrogen required per mole of carbon in biomass liquids for upgrading to premium fuel. 

Moses C., (1994) "Fuel-Specification Considerations for Biomass Liquids". Proceedings Biomass Pyrolysis Oil Properties and Combustion Meetings T.A. Milne, ed., National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Golden, CO, NREL-CP-430-7215, pp. 362-282. 

Elliott, D. C. and E. G. Baker. "Hydrotreating Biomass Liquids to Produce Hydrocarbon Fuels," in Energy from Biomass and Wastes X, IGT, Chicago, 1987 p 765-784. 

Whale oil was used for lighting and heating long before the extensive use of petroleum oil. Similarly, vegetable oils (or biomass liquids and saps) are also potential fuels (see Chap. 1), but their modest production at present precludes their wide spread use. Perhaps when the energy farm has developed, it will be possible to consider biomass fuels as an alternative to fossil-based fuels. 

State of biomass Liquid motion Operation options... 

Supporting measures to bioenergy developments in China mainly focus on feedstock. China 973 and 863 Programs and S T Support Program favor micro-algae production and bioethanol from sweet potatoes for the expansion and commercialization of biomass liquid fuels (Ministry of Science and Technology of the People s Republic of China, 2015). 

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