Methane generation

Methyl Chloride. Most of the HCl consumed in the manufacture of methyl chloride [74-87-3] from methanol (qv) is a recycled product. The further reaction of methyl chloride with chlorine to produce higher chlorinated methanes generates significant amounts of HCl which are fed back into methyl chloride production. Another source of recycled HCl is siUcone production based on methyl chloride. 

Anaerobic treatment is recommended for highly concentrated COD wastewater, as the amount of methane generated can compensate for the energy cost in maintaining the temperature of the reactor. 

National Academy of Sciences. Methane Generation from Human, Animal, and Agricultural Wastes. 1977. 

The observed methane generation points to a plausible I —> III or II - III transformation, but it does not distinguish which of the structures (II or III) is the metathesis-active carbene. This matter is mechanistically significant with regard to the chain termination process. Type III may terminate by a bimolecular dimerization sequence as in Eq. (11), or it may convert to a 7r-olefin complex via an uncommon 1,2-hydride shift ... 

Methane production seems to be governed by the equation r = k C(a) H(a), with C(a) > H(a) so that an increase in H(a) leads to a higher rate. The second peak in Fig. 20 represents methane generated by the decarburization of the bulk of the iron. 

Carbon in CH4 can be derived from C02 or fermentation of organic matter. The process of methane generation is a complex multistep process, by several species of bacteria, which results in the following general reaction ... 

The methane generated is vented by passage through the oil bubbler. 

D. Ramkrishna Statistical Models of Cell Populations. - Sh. Nagai Mass and Energy Balances for Microbial Growth Kinetics. -M.Moo-Young J. M. Scharer Methane Generation by Anaerobic Digestion of Cellulose-Containing Wastes. - B.Metz, N. W.F.Kossen,... 

These tanks at a water treatment facility are used to store the methane generated by anaerobic digestion of sewage. The methane produced provides much of the power needed to run the facility. 

FAST NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS—John W. McKIveen SOLAR HEATING AND COOLING OF BUILDINGS—Richard S. Greeley ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CHEMISTRY—James D. McKinney ASBESTOS PARTICLE ATLAS—Walter C. McCrone CONTAMINANTS AND SEDIMENTS—Vol. 1 2—Robert A. Baker METHANE GENERATION RECOVERY FROM LANDFILLS—EMCON Associates... 

Guo W, Eiler JM (2007) Evidence for methane generation during the aqueous alteration of CM chondrites. Meteoritics and Planetary Sciences (in press)... 

Waste Disposal Recycling Services Landfill Operation Hazardous Waste Management Transfer Stations Recycled Commodity Trading Medical Waste Disposal Waste Methane Generation... 

The first Diels-Alder [4+2]-cydoaddition functionalization of CNTs has been reported recently [171]. Ester-functionalized SWCNTs were reacted with o-quinodi-methane, generated in situ from benzo-l,2-oxathiin-2-oxide under microwave irradiation (Scheme 1.23). This technique opened up a new access to a novel family... 

Huang, J. J. H., and Shih, J. C. H. 1981. The potential of biological methane generation from Chicken Manure. Biotech. Bioeng., 23, 2307-2314. 

Metal and metal oxide catalysts with this capability were reported in the 1980s. Several of these metals occur in widely distributed petroleum samples and are among the above listed as constituents of primordial Earth planetary orbit dust. In the metallic and compounded state some have the ability to catalyze hydrogenation of carbon to kerogen like high viscosity hydrocarbons. Kerogen, a heavier petroleumlike hydrocarbon mixture occurs in tar sands and porous shales (oil shale). Thus the question of conceivable prehistoric or more recent petroleum from methane generation must be considered. 

As for future sourcing, methane generation from biological sources such as coal beds and composted vegetation is well known, industrially exploited, and of particular recent interest as a potentially renewable source. Methane is also an important constituent of numerous petroleum grades that contain hopanoid and optically active hydrocarbons, which are associated with biological and biochemical processes. 

Sherwood LoUar B., Frape S. K., Drimmie R. J., Fritz P., Weise S. M., Macko S. A., Welhan J. A., Blomqvist R., and Lahermo P. W. (1989) Deep gases and brines of the Candian and Fennoscandian shields—a testing ground for the theory of abiotic methane generation. In Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Water—Rock Interaction (ed. D. L. Miles). Malvern, UK Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, pp. 617—620. 

Hedberg H. D. (1980) Methane generation and petroleum migration. In Problems of Petroleum Migration, AAPG Studies in Geology 10 (eds. W. H. Roberts, 111 and R. J. Cordell). American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, pp. 79—206. 

Because of its abundance in anoxic aquatic environments and its importance as a greenhouse gas, methane transformation by anaerobic oxidation has been the subject of numerous studies. The rates of anaerobic methane oxidation and the environments where it has been found were reviewed by Spormann and Widdel (2000). In marine systems, sulfate reduction has been shown to be an important part of the methane oxidation process. Landhlls, however, not hydrocarbon contaminations per se, are the main source of anthropogenic methane emissions in the US and, therefore, methane degradation processes are not discussed further in this chapter (see Chapter 9.16 for a discussion of methane generation from landfills). 

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