Biomass Research and Development

Biomass Research and Development Initiative iolnitiative), 24 192 Biomaterial coatings, ethylene oxide polymers in, 70 688 Biomaterials, 3 707-709. See also Biomaterials, prosthetics, and biomedical devices bioresorbable polymers, 3 735-740... 

Biomass RoadMap. Biomass Research and Development Technical Advisory Committee, Washington, DC, November 2002. 

Biomass Research and Development Initiative. "Awardees for U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Integrated Biomass R D Solicitation," http //www.bioproducts-bioenergy.gov/pdfs/awardees.pdf (accessed October 11, 2003). 

The DOE has three major offices which are active in biomass technology development and commercialization. The Biomass Energy Systems Branch and Wood Commercialization Program within the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Solar Applications are the major funders of biomass projects in DOE. In addition, DOE provides funds to the Solar Energy Research Institute for biomass research and development activities. Presently, DOE funding is focused on the production, conversion, and/or utilization of biomass, rather than on programs which focus upon a particular type of biomass or industry segment. Industry executives felt that the impact of... 

In the United States, a strong motivation has developed in the past decade to reduce the nation s dependence on imported oil and to increase their own energy supplies by using a more diverse mix of domestic resources. A Presidential Order triggered a series of initiatives for the promotion of the use of renewable resources in 1999. The Biomass Research and Development Act in 2000 led to the establishment of the Biomass Research and Development Technical Advisory Committee, which issued the vision for bioenergy and biobased products in the United States and the roadmap for biomass technologies in the United States. ... 

Biomass Research and Development Technical Advisory Comitee, Vision for Bioenergy Biobased Products in The United States, October 2002. 

For example, US Public Law 106-224 Biomass Research and Development Act of 2000 . Hatakeyama, H., Hayashi, E., and Haraguchi, T., 1977, Biodegradation of poly(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy styrene). Polymer 18 759-763. 

USDOE Roadmap for Biomass Technologies in the United States. [Internet]. Biomass Research and Development Initiative, Department of Eneigy. [Accessed 27 December 2010]. Available at wwwl.eere. energy.gov/biomass/pdfs/obp roadmapv2 web.pdf. 

The present chapter discusses aspects, known by the authors, of (a) biomass as feedstock, (b) the concept of bio-refinery, (c) thermochemical routes from lignocellulosic biomass to fuels, and (d) the contribution of catalytic technology. The main focus will be on the catalytic conversion of fast pyrolysis oil into fuels with regard to problems encountered currently and the challenges for future research and development. 

MARCHAIM, U., and CRIDEN, J. Research and development in the utilization of agricultural wastes in Israel for energy, feedstock fodder, and industrial products. In D.L.Wise (Ed), Fuel Gas Production from Biomass . Vol. 1, CRC Press Inc. Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 95-120, 1981. 

Note that because fixed costs are proportionally more important for small-scale operations the influence of research and development work on reducing the imit process costs on smaller scale processes will often be significantly difierent than when applied to larger scale operations. Also equipment will not necessarily be used imder conditions which maximise its performance, but rather under conditions that minimise cost, thus for instance a fermenter will not be operated at maximum agitation rates as the power required will be too expensive. Other savings can be made by finding uses for wastes, such as the spent biomass from fermentations, and also for any out-of-specification product that is made. 

Alcohol production research and development. The Department of Agriculture and the Department of Energy administer research and development programs to improve our methods for producing alcohol fuels from biomass and to broaden the range of biomass products which can be used to make alcohol. In FY 1980, a total of over 30 million is dedicated to this effort. This R D is important for improving the competitive viability of alcohol fuels as well as the net energy balance. 

Church, J. and Woolbridge, D., Continuous high solids acid hydrolysis of biomass in a 1.5 in plug flow reactor. Industrial Engineering and Chemistry Product Research and development 1981, 20, 371-378. 

---