Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Biology interdependence

The approach we follow below in surveying molecular properties is a different one based on their interdependence and the progressive emergence of biologically... [Pg.7]

P.N. Craig, Comparison of the Hansch and Free-Wilson approaches to structure-activity correlation, In Biological Correlations — The Hansch Approach (R.F. Gould, Ed.). Advances in Chemistry Series, No. 114. American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 1972, pp. 115-129. P.N. Craig, Interdependence between physical parameters and selection of substituent groups for correlation studies. J. Med. Chem., 14 (1971) 680-684. [Pg.418]

All biological functions in an organism are interdependent and internally regulated and since their occurrence is context-dependent, they cannot be understood in isolation. Functional explanations are therefore more appropriate for understanding complex systems exhibiting many coupled interactions than are causal explanations which focus on a single factor. [Pg.51]

Here we have another simple chemical transformation, the oxidation of the aldehyde group in retinal to the carboxyl group of retinoic acid. Although the chemical change is simple, the physiology is profoundly different. Retinoic acid has nothing to do with vision but a lot to do with development and differentiation. Here we have yet another example of the sensitive interdependence of chemical structure and biological function. [Pg.195]

The close agreement between the experimental and calculated (Equation 9) ratios of 18 2/18 3 support exclusion of the 4-hydroxylphenyl analogue from the calculations. Examination of Equation 9 shows an interdependence between the biological activity and the hydrophobic properties of the chemical used, commonly found with many QSAR equations. This interdependent relationship is determined by the and terms, respectively. These terms control phenomena of hydrophobic interactions with receptors and phenomena of transport and distribution within the total biological systems. The occurrence of squared terms of the hydrophobic parameter in structure-activity correlations has been explained on the assumption that the compound has to penetrate several lipophilic-hydrophilic barriers or compartments on its way to the site of action (16, 17). This is consistent with the uptake of pyridazinones by roots and sbsequent translocation to the shoots (chloroplast) as the site of action (13). [Pg.155]

The use of different approaches to study complex histone modification patterns ranging from the bottom up approach that allows a detailed and quantitative measurement of particular histone modifications to the top down methods that help the dissection of interdependencies between different modifications will greatly facilitate the analysis of complex modification patterns and provide a deeper insight into the biological role of these patterns. [Pg.94]

The notion of imparting its own rules draws an equivalence between biological autonomy and auto referentiality (Varela et al, 1991 Varela, 2000). In turn, auto-referentiality is related to the concept of operational closure. This is a process of circular and reflexive interdependency, whose primary effect is its own production. Operational closure must not be viewed as a lack of contact with the environment -as already stressed, any living system must be seen as an open system. The relation between autopoiesis, autonomy, and self referentiality is treated in the specialized literature, see for example Marks-Tarlow et al. (2001) and Weber (2002). [Pg.160]

Even though these approaches are powerful methods for determining functional sites on proteins, they are limited if not coupled with some form of structural determination. As Figure 2 illustrates, molecular biology and synthetic peptide/antibody approaches are not only interdependent, they are tied in with structural determination. Structural determination methods can take many forms, from the classic x-ray crystallography and NMR for three-dimensional determination, to two-dimensional methods such as circular dichroism and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy, to predictive methods and modeling. A structural analysis is crucial to the interpretation of experimental results obtained from mutational and synthetic peptide/antibody techniques. [Pg.438]

The effect of biological activity on the chemistry of an element or compound in natural waters is interdependent upon (1) population of a particular group of organisms, (2) the lifetime of the organisms, (3) the... [Pg.329]

Shelat, A. A., and Guy, R. K. (2007). The interdependence between screening methods and screening libraries. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 11, 244-251. [Pg.32]

Overall, the M BR process needs to be designed and built with respect to two sets of operating requirements, those operating parameters needed to optimize the membrane component of the process and those necessary to achieve the desired biological conversions in the biological processes. The interactions and interdependence of the two key processes need to be understood in order to be able to develop treatment schemes that are efficient both from a treatment perspective but also from a management and operational perspective. In the following sections some of the key elements in MBR systems will be discussed in more detail. [Pg.374]

Development is the conversion of a biologically active compound into a safe marketable product. It is a multi-disciplinary process, which requires the collaboration of teams of workers from many different disciplines. Its success is dependent on their skills and judgement. This chapter will outline the work carried out by these teams in the main areas of the development process. The activities in many of these areas are interdependent, which means that they should take place consecutively or at the same time. Consequently, as speed is of the essence in all development work, these activities will require careful planning and coordination. [Pg.223]

Fortunately for forensic investigators, a burial environment is a complex dynamic system. It plays host to an abundance of interdependent chemical, physical, and biological processes, which are greatly influenced by the inclusion of a body and its subsequent decay. However, while taphonomy continues to emerge as a valuable forensic tool, until now most of the attention has been on the cadaver rather than the grave itself. [Pg.353]

A quantitative description of interdependent fluxes and forces is given by irreversible thermodynamics, a subject that treats nonequilibrium situations such as those actually occurring under biological conditions. (The concepts of nonequilibrium and irreversibility are related, because a system in a nonequilibrium situation left isolated from external influences will spontaneously and irreversibly move toward equilibrium.) In this brief introduction to irreversible thermodynamics, we will emphasize certain underlying principles and then introduce the reflection coefficient. To simplify the analysis, we will restrict our attention to constant temperature (isothermal) conditions, which approximate many biological situations in which fluxes of water and solutes are considered. [Pg.154]

In some branches of biology, notably the neurosciences, this fundamental interdependence of mental phenomena and physiochemical processes has already achieved the status of a truism. [Pg.44]

In biological systems, proteins and nucleic acids perform two major roles metabolism and conversion of materials and the storage and transmission of genetic information. Proteins are synthesized according to programs written in DNA, while nucleic acid replication and repair both require protein functionality. Proteins and nucleic acids needs each other - they are interdependent. [Pg.193]

It follows from this equation that the rates of chemical reactions can, in general, be affected by manipulation of either collision factors or activation parameters or both. And, of course, reaction rates will be very sensitive to temperature change—a key consideration in the evolution of complex pathways of interdependent chemical processes that are necessary for maintenance of biologic organisms. [Pg.1496]


See other pages where Biology interdependence is mentioned: [Pg.438]    [Pg.358]    [Pg.438]    [Pg.358]    [Pg.625]    [Pg.140]    [Pg.150]    [Pg.339]    [Pg.297]    [Pg.361]    [Pg.198]    [Pg.216]    [Pg.659]    [Pg.352]    [Pg.241]    [Pg.87]    [Pg.297]    [Pg.33]    [Pg.174]    [Pg.20]    [Pg.6]    [Pg.44]    [Pg.219]    [Pg.203]    [Pg.145]    [Pg.36]    [Pg.11]    [Pg.261]    [Pg.158]    [Pg.208]    [Pg.26]    [Pg.428]    [Pg.1]    [Pg.229]    [Pg.2215]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.414 , Pg.415 , Pg.416 ]




SEARCH



Interdependence

Interdependencies

Interdependent

© 2024 chempedia.info