Biological parameters

Physicochemical and biological parameters obtained from 6 oxazepine (X = O) and 6 thiazepine (X = S) neuroleptics. These include Hammett s electronic parameter (o ), lipophilicity (log P) and its squared value, and the activities (log l/EDjn) in two pharmacological tests in rats [41]. 

While principal components models are used mostly in an unsupervised or exploratory mode, models based on canonical variates are often applied in a supervisory way for the prediction of biological activities from chemical, physicochemical or other biological parameters. In this section we discuss briefly the methods of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Although there has been an early awareness of these methods in QSAR [7,50], they have not been widely accepted. More recently they have been superseded by the successful introduction of partial least squares analysis (PLS) in QSAR. Nevertheless, the early pattern recognition techniques have prepared the minds for the introduction of modem chemometric approaches. 

Roose P, Cooreman K, Vyncke W (1998) PCBs in cod Gadus morhua), flounder (Platichthysflesus), blue mussel (Mytilus eduUs) and brown shrimp Crangon crangon) from the Belgian continental shelf relation to biological parameters and trend analysis. Chemosphere 37 2199-2210. 

Leung 1993). PBPK models for a particular substance require estimates of the chemical substance-specific physicochemical parameters, and species-specific physiological and biological parameters. The numerical estimates of these model parameters are incorporated within a set of differential and algebraic equations that describe the pharmacokinetic processes. Solving these differential and algebraic equations provides the predictions of tissue dose. Computers then provide process simulations based on these solutions. 

The automated EXAMS model consists of a set of FORTRAN programs which calculates the fate, exposure and dissipation of the chemical from input environmental data such as 1) Global parameters (rainfall, irradiance, latitude), 2) Biological parameters (biomass, bacterial counts, chlorophyll), 3) Depths and in-lows, 4) Sediment characteristics, 5) Wind, 6) Evaporation, 7) Aeration, 8) Advective and turbulent interconnections, 9) Water flow, 10) Sediment flow, 11) pH and pOH, and 12) Temperature. Also characteristics of the chemical are taken into account such as hydrolysis photolysis, oxidation, biolysis, and volatility. 

Ohmori S, Harada K, Miura H. 1986a. Behavior of biological parameters for lead exposure in Japanese male workers I. Actual levels of parameters in different lead exposure. Kumamoto Med J 39 187-199. 

SCA may be envisaged based on biological parameters such as ET-1 and sICAM-1, which are the presently known inter- and intra-individual endothelial cell-related variables in SCA. Ongoing research will hopefully decipher the transcriptional signature of HU in endothelial cells and lead to other treatment options for this simple monogenic yet a complex disorder. 

Table 13. System and Biological Parameters that Affect Three-Phase Fluidized Bed Bioreactor Performance...

From the biological data obtained by using cerium radionuclides and a comparative study with other members of the lanthanide family, the following biological parameters were selected and used in calculating q, (MPC)a, and (MPC)W values for cerium (ICRP, 1959) fi = (the fraction of ingested radionuclide reaching the blood) 0.0001... 

Mathematical modeling of radiotracers of the radiotracer uptake to obtain the biological parameters of interest (receptor density, affinity, glucose metabolism, etc.) plays an extremely important role in PET and SPECT imaging, much more so than in many other areas of imaging. 

Restum, J.C., S.J. Bursian, J.P. Giesy, J.A. Render, W.G. Helferich, E.B. Shipp, D.A. Verbrugge, and R.J. Aulerich. 1998. Multigenerational study of the effects of consumption of PCB-contaminated carp from Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, on mink. 1. Effects on mink reproduction, kit growth and survival, and selected biological parameters. Jour. Toxicol. Environ. Health 54A 343-375. 

My interest in zinc was stimulated in the late 1950 s, and for several years I was one of several researchers looking at various aspects of zinc toxicosis in connection with a variety of biological parameters. Beginning in 1961 one area of concentration was the effects of high levels of zinc on calcium and phosphorus status in young rats, and some of the results of studies (7, 8) conducted in our laboratory form the major portion of this paper. 

T. Scheper, A. Gebauer, A. Sauerbrei, A. Niehoff, and K. Schugerl, Measurement of biological parameters during fermentation processes, Anal. Chim. Acta 163, 111-118 (1984). 

The interfacial microenvironment around a microbial community, that is the sum of the physical, chemical, and biological parameters which affect a microorganism, determines whether a particular microorganism will survive and/or metabolize. The occurrence and abundance of microorganisms in an environment are determined by nutrient availability, and various physicochemical factors such as pH, redox potential, temperature, and solid phase texture and moisture. Because a limitation imposed by any one of these factors can inhibit biodegradation, the cause of the persistence of a pollutant is sometimes difficult to pinpoint. The summary follows [39,92,94,97,109,110,172,173,176,189,190, 195,248-252,256-300]. 

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