The current debate

The current debate over controversial global warming theories will continue. The impact of carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, whether they are increasing or not over time, and the effect on climate and economics will continue to he discussed. A solution, if it is needed, may evolve—or not. 

There are many definitions of reserves and resources, and we need some historical perspective to understand the current debates. 

Had it been known in the late 1970s that MTBE would be found in drinking water, would it have been introduced Probably not. Whilst a return to the use of tetraethyl lead is not being considered, the current debate in many US states is which of the other options should be pursued in the medium term. Arguments are put forward by oil companies for option 1 and by the farmers for option 2 ... 

Chronology is not the only contentious issue debates over the interpretation of morphological and genetic data are as contentious as that of dating. While the anatomical classification of hominids is often problematic and can take a subjective slant, the dating is in theory objective and absolute. The following examples, which have been selected to illustrate these issues are exemplars of the current debate, and cover the major issues noted above specifically from the perspective of U-series dating. 

The aim of this paper is not to add to the current debate but to present a simple graphical method of analysing the free energy of formation of the electrical double layer at the oxide/solution interface ( 1). This will provide a simple way of visualizing the complementary roles of chemical reactions or surface properties of... 

Posttranslational modifications can be broken down into two main classes those that are reversible and those that are irreversible. Included in the large group of reversible posttranslational modifications are phosphorylation, acetylation, and disulfide formation. Irreversible posttranslational modifications include peptide bond cleavage as in intein splicing also irreversible is the introduction of a phosphopantetheinyl group during fatty acid, polyketide, and nonribosomal peptide biosyntheses. The current debate is whether to classify lysine N-methylation as reversible or irreversible. Recently, there have been reports of lysine demethylases. ... 

In 1886, Henri Moissan achieved the isolation of elemental fluorine, and this discovery was awarded twenty years later by the Nobel Prize (1906). At the time of this discovery, Moissan was working in a place that was not geared toward this kind of research the Faculty of Pharmacy in Paris. These studies were certainly not oriented toward potential commercial products, and Moissan could not imagine the important applications that took place one century later in the field of pharmaceuticals. Indeed, pharmacy and more generally life sciences have become major fields in fluorine chemistry. This story is instructive in the current debate between pure and applied research. 

At the start of the twentieth century, it was discovered that the nucleus is composed of positively charged protons and neutral neutrons (see Chapter 4). These particles are collectively called nucleons. During the last half of the same century, scientists learned how to harness the power of the atom. The deployment of two atomic bombs brought a quick and dramatic end to World War II. This was followed by nuclear proliferation, the Cold War, and the current debate over... 

Research the current debate over "carbon sinks." Do you agree with the idea that CO2 absorbed by plant life provides a valid strategy for controlling pollution Go to the web site above. Go to Science Resources, then to Chemistry 11 to find out where to go next. 

It is possible to phrase the partial-proton-transfer concept in the same language of hydrogen bonding that has been employed in the current debate as to whether... 

Rizoli SB. Crystalloids and colloids in trauma resuscitation A brief overview of the current debate. J Trauma 2003 54(suppl) S82-88. 

Of particular significance are the density increases which take place at the upper and lower boundaries of the mantle transition zone, at the 410 km and 660 km discontinuities. In the past it has been argued that the large density increase which takes place at 660 km depth reflects a change in the bulk composition of the mantle with depth. However, the present consensus is that the contrasts can be accommodated simply by phase changes in the mantle mineralogy. (This debate has huge consequences for whether or not the mantle is chemically layered, and is an important factor in the current debate about the nature of mantle convection). 

The evidence for fluxes between the lower and upper mantle is more contentious. Whilst there is clear evidence of the transfer of material from upper to lower mantle through the sinking of subducted slabs, the ultimate destination of this material is uncertain. More controversial, as the current debate on mantle plumes is demonstrating, is the upward flux, from a lower to upper mantle reservoir. 

The current debate is also about the need for harmonisation of sampling procedures and demonstration of the competences of the samplers. For the moment, the reporting template requires information about the accreditation of the laboratory only for analytical work, because at present there is no system in place for accreditation of the sampling process. 

Sustainable development cannot be achieved without broad public participation in decision-making, a process which must overtake the publicity hype promulgated only too often by major corporations and indeed governments. Every citizen has a role to play in the creation of a sustainable future, and hence the means have to be found to allow people to voice their views, especially the growing number outside the current debating process. This needs to span the entire spectrum of institutions at international, national, and local levels. Knowledge and awareness are powerful components of active citizenship, and in order to achieve the fullest appreciation of chemical safety, there will need to be a partnership between teachers, communicators and scientists. 

Although proposal 1 is most closely related to the liquid-state reductions discussed earlier, the current debate in the graphite community is between proposals 2 and 3 proposal 1 is currently discounted. However, although proposal 1 may be of marginal significance for the large crystallites characteristic of graphite, the situation with intercalated carbonaceous material of smaller crystallite size is unclear. For this reason, we discuss the reaction of water with C8K made from petroleum cokes at 1400 °C. 

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