Reduced structure

Figure S.19 The approach based on optimization of a reducible structure starts with the most general configuration and simplifies. (From Eliceche and Sargent, IChemE Symp. Series No. 61 1, 1981 reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers...

Heat Exchanger Network Design Based on the Optimization of a Reducible Structure... 

An alternative approach is to create a reducible structure that deliberately includes redundant features and then subject this to optimization. Redundant features are then removed by the optimization. 

For more complex network designs, especially those involving many constraints, mixed equipment specifications, etc., design methods based on the optimization of a reducible structure can be used. 

Reduced structure dead load can increase load ratings. 

Creating and optimizing a superstructure. In this approach, a reducible structure, known as a superstructure,... 

Structural properties of both AFA-PLN and WT-PLN bound to SER-CAla after reconstitution in a functional lipid bilayer environment were examined by 13C solid-state NMR.241 Chemical-shift assignments in all domains of AFA-PLN provide direct evidence for the presence of two terminal ot-helices connected by a linker region of reduced structural order that differs from previous findings on free PLN. A combination of the spectroscopic data with biophysical and biochemical data using flexible protein-protein docking simulations provides a structural basis for understanding the interaction between PLN and SERCala.244 Using a... 

What shape would an early transition-metal hydride adopt if the ionic component were reduced Structural analysis of the cation HfH3+ (which is isovalent with LaH3) provides insight. The molecular cation exhibits bond angles (98.1°) that are nearly 10° less than those of LaH3, even though the Hf—H bond ionicity (lOOcHf2 = 36.35%) still deviates appreciably from the covalent limit. 

Let k be an algebraically closed field. In this section we review the methods of [Ellingsrud-Str0mme(l)] for the determination of a cell decomposition of and modify them in order get a cell decomposition and thus (for k = C) the homology of the strata Zt and Gt of Hilb"(fc[[x, y]]). Let R = fc[[ ,y]]. Let Hilb (A2,0) be the closed subscheme with the induced reduced structure of (A2) parametrizing subschemes with support 0. By lemma 2.1.4 we have... 

More recently, Yoshikawa,Tsukihara, and co-workers published a study of fully oxidized (PDB 1V54) and fully reduced (PDB 1V55) bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase structures. " In this study, they identified an aspartate residue, asp51, which undergoes a substantial change in position between the oxidized and reduced structures (see inset in Figure 7.41A). 

Table II lists several physical properties of various phosphors as compared to those for an ideal phosphor. The refractive index should be fairly low so that in a polymeric system (polymer Rl 1.5) the number of scattering phenomena are decreased. In this respect, BaFCI Eu is best. To reduce structure mottle and improve phosphor packing, spherical or polyhedral shaped particles are most desireable. Further, to improve phosphor packing, narrow particle distributions are best.

The phosphors should possess low refractive indices to reduce scattering. Polyhedral shapes promote better packing and reduced structure mottle. 

The inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction of 3,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4,5-tetrazine 83 with dihydropyrrole 84 leads to the partially reduced structure 85 (Scheme 7) <1994H(38)1845>. 

Again it was surprising that enantioseparation by HPLC was successful because the conformational flexibility of the wheel and the thread entail reduced structural dissymmetry of the enantiomers compared with more rigid molecules. For the rotaxanes 80m and 100 separation factors a were found to be 1.48 and 1.69, respectively. The circular dichrogram of the cycloenantiomeric [ljrotaxane 100 is given in Figure 50. 

The majority of workers attribute the unexpected phenomenon of increasing surface area to the splitting of partially oxidized particles during the early stages of treatment. Apparently there is a strain, due to the mismatch of oxidized and reduced structures in a particle, that leads to particle splitting. This... 

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