Biochar

Biochar from dairy manure also has pofenfial for environmenfal remediation or for creating slow release phosphorus fertilizers (Cau and Harris, 2010). Dairy manure was converted by heating at temperatures below pyrolysis temperatures (< 500 °C) and in the presence of air. The potential benefit for lowering GHGs was nof defermined but the products have the potential of creating new markets for manure. 

Cau, X. and Harris, W. (2010). Properties of dairy manure-derived biochar pertinent to its potential use in remediation. Bioresour. Technol. 101, 5222-5228. 

When the pyrolysis temperature increased the biochar yield decreased. The biochar yield increased with increasing particle size of the sample. The yield of biooil from pyrolysis of the samples increased with temperature. Anaerobic biogas prodnction is an effective process for conversion of a broad variety of agricultural biomass to methane to snbstitnte natnral gas and medinm calorific valne gases. 

Hayes, M. H. B. (2006a). Biochar and biofuels for a brighter future. Nature 443, Letters to the Editor, 144. 

Karaosmanoglu, F., Isigigiir-Ergudenler, A., Sever, A. (2000). Biochar om the straw- stalk of rapeseed plant. Energy and Fuels 14, 336-339. 

Currently microalgae are used as nutrition supplement in special applications like medium quality improvement or the coloring of foods, for example salmon with beta carotene. Nonalimentation appHcations of microalgae include biofertilizers from biochar and cosmetic ingredients for face and skin care [45]. For industrial processes, microalgae are a potential source for fatty acids, proteins, vitamins, and pigments. Recently, they are also discussed for the provision of biofuels [44]. 

Mukherjee, A., A. R. Zimmerman, and W. Harris. 2011. Surface chemistry variations among a series of laboratory-produced biochars. Geoderma 163, no. 3-4 247-255. doi 10.1016/ j.geoderma.2011.04.021. 

Bioenergy Energy derived from biomass (living or recently living biological organisms) can be either a liquid (ethanol), gas (methane), or solid (biochar). 

Biochar. Biochar is a form of charcoal created from the pyrolysis (chemical decomposition by heating) of plant and animal waste. It captures and stores carbon by sequestering it in biomass. The biochar can be returned to the soil as fertilizer, as it helps the soil retain water and necessary nutrients, as well as to store carbon. 

Biochar, the end result of the burning of animal and agricultural waste, can help clean the air by storing carbon dioxide that would have been released into the atmosphere during decomposition of the waste, and it assists plants by aiding in the storage of carbon from photosynthesis. 

Ohata, M., Aoki, M., and Yoshizawa S. (2008). Effect of carbonization condition on microstructure of bamboo charcoal with practical furnace. Proceedings International Biochar Initiative... 

Soil organic matter, biochar, Several methods applied to materials of [27, 29,42,... 

Wan Azlina Wan Ab Karim Ghani (chemical and environmental engineering biochar and composites for water, wastewater and soil treatment biomass conversion biomass energy). Research Coordinator, Department of Chemical Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Putra University Malaysia (UPM), Serdang... 

Removal of uranium from groundwater using biochar, carbonaceous adsorbents and... 

Kumar, S., Loganathan, V.A., Gupta, R.B. Barnett, M.O. (2011) An assessment of U(VI) removal from groundwater using biochar produced from hydrothermal carbonization. Journal of Environmental Management, 92, 2504-2512. 

Biomass added to soil in the form of photosynthetically generated stalk or straw by-products of crop production has the effect of temporarily removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Eventually, most of the biomass incorporated into soil decays and releases its carbon back to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. However, biomass can be pyrolyzed to release volatile matter leaving a pure carbon residue called biochar. Biochar does not decay and the elemental carbon of which it is composed remains in soil. Biochar is being advocated as a soil additive that retains nutrients and water and sequesters within soil the carbon dioxide produced in the decay of plant matter. The volatile matter released in making biochar contains liquids and gases that can be used as fuel and as feedstocks for chemical synthesis. 

Black carbon is a term that is applied both to a material in the atmosphere and to a material commonly found in the geosphere (soil). Explain how black carbon in or carried by the atmosphere may contribute to global warming. How does the production of black carbon that ends up in soil (biochar) tend to reduce global warming ... 

In what respect is biochar a material that gets into soil by natural processes Where can soils with significant levels of naturally occurring biochar likely be found ... 

In what respects do humus and biochar perform similar functions in soil What are the main differences between these two kinds of materials ... 

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