Bio-optics

Subramaniam, A., Carpenter, E. J., Karentz, D., and Falkowski, P. G., Bio-optical properties of the marine diazotrophic cyanobacteria Trichodesmium spp. I. Absorption and photosynthetic spectra, Limnol. Oceanogr., 44, 608, 1999. 

Johnsen, G, and Sakshaug, E. (1993) Bio-optical characteristics and photoadaptive responses in the toxic and bloom-forming dinoflagellates Gymnodinium aureolum, G. galatheanum, and two strains of Prorocentrum minimum. J. Phycol. 29, 627-642. 

Stramska, M., Dickey, T. D., Plueddemann, A., WeUer, R., Langdon, C., and Marra, J. (1995). Bio-optical variability associated with phytoplankton dynamics in the North Atlantic ocean during spring and summer of 1991. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 6621-6632. 

Particle Size The larger the particle, the more distinct the scattering pattern will be to provide a better match to a Bio-Optical Signature in the classification library. 

Bio-Optical Signature Database versus Unknown The more BOS classifications and configurations in the library to match the scattering patterns, the fewer the unknowns. 

Constituents controlling UV attenuation in natural waters bio-optical... 

The diffuse attenuation coefficient (K ) is one of several apparent optical properties (AOPs) of natural waters described by Preisendorfer [25]. Unlike inherent optical properties (lOPs) described below, AOP s depend on the quality of incident light as well as the optical qualities of the water. In spite of this apparent limitation (and in part because the differences between AOP s and lOP s were said to be small in many instances [26]), a case was argued for the standard use of to characterize natural waters for purposes of optical comparisons and bio-optical models [27,28]. Gordon [17,29] provided a practical means to adjust measurements to remove much of its dependence on the ambient light field. In particular, Gordon [17] established that, after adjustment (described below), averaged from surface to Zio% is proportional to the summed concentrations of constituent optical compounds. 

Bio-optical models have been developed to predict spectral attenuation as a function of conveniently measured parameters and are discussed extensively in Mobley [5] and Kirk [6]. Since the pioneering work of Smith and Baker [42], bio-optical models typically break down diffuse attenuation into optical constituents of natural waters. In an approach covering UV-B and UV-A wavelengths summarized by Baker and Smith [9,43], these components are represented as partial attenuation coefficients (A for each term not shown for simplicity) ... 

A linear model for scaling Rd DOC,320 to DOC concentration was adopted by Baker and Smith [43], who used a constant value of R d DOc,320= 1-3 in their bio-optical model but cited a range of values from as low as K doc,320 = 0-75 for... 

R.C. Smith, K.S. Baker (1978). The bio-optical state of ocean waters and remote sensing. Limnol. Oceanogr., 23, 247-259. 

V.S. Kuwahara, H. Ogawa, T. Toda, T. Kikuchi, S. Taguchi (2000). Variability of bio-optical factors influencing the seasonal attenuation of ultraviolet radiation in temperate coastal waters of Japan, Photochem. Photobiol, 72,193-199. 

K.S. Baker, R.C. Smith (1982). Bio-optical classification and model of natural waters. 2. Limnol Oceanogr., 27, 500-509. 

Mitchell, B.G., Brody, E., Yeh, E., Mcdain, C., Comiso, J. and Maynard, N. (1991) Meridional zonation of the Barents Sea ecosystem inferred from satellite remote sensing and in situ bio-optical observations. Polar Research, 10, 147-162. 

However, as pointed out by Sathyendranath and Platt (1994) and Sathyen-dranath etal. (1999), models that only consider mixed layer dynamics without taking into account changes in bio-optical properties of phytoplankton are probably insufficient to explain the occurrence of phytoplankton blooms in the Arabian Sea. Sathyendranath etal. (1999) provided evidence for significant seasonal changes in the parameters that describe the dependence of photosynthesis rate of phytoplankton on the amount of light available (P-I curves), viz. the assimilation number (PmB) and the initial slope of photosynthesis-light curve (aB), as well as in the specific absorption coefficient of phytoplankton (ac ). 

Nolte DD (2009) Review of centrifugal microfluidic and bio-optical disks. Rev Sci Instrum 80 101101... 

Furthermore FEWS-based live-cell monitoring offers an efficient technique to evaluate metabolic responses of human lung cells exposed to various toxicants [174]. These results demonstrate the potential of ChG-based FEWS for the design of bio-optic sensors able to respond In minutes to the presence of toxic agents. 

N. Nigam, S. Kumar, P.K. Dutta, S. Pei, T. Ghosh, Chitosan containing azo-based Schiff bases thermal, antibacterial and birefringence properties for bio-optical devices. RSC Adv. 6, 5575-5581 (2016)... 

Within the last decade the use of nanoclusters for novel (bio)electronic and (bio)optical devices gained world-wide attention due to a number of key-developments describe in this article. Furthermore, attempts to reduee the size of electronic devices with top down techniques will encounter insurmountable barriers due to limits of UV-lithography. The use of colloidal particles as elements and building blocks for new devices is a novel and cost efficient route. Bio-nano-assemblies will enable us to construct three-dimensional electronic circuits of ultra-high packing density. Manufacturing of bio-nano-devices will require the development of a completely new set of techniques to arrange, manipulate and couple colloidal particles. 

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