Optical factor

For nonabsorbing substrates, a factor can be defined that takes into account the effect of all the optical processes in the reaction rate. This factor has been called reaction rate optical factor (RROF) (Arancibia-Bulnes and Cuevas, 2004)... 

Figure 8 Reaction rate optical factor as a function of catalyst concentration for a parabolic trough solar photocatalytic reactor. Adapted from Arancibia-Bulnes and Cuevas 2004, with permission from Elsevier.

V.S. Kuwahara, H. Ogawa, T. Toda, T. Kikuchi, S. Taguchi (2000). Variability of bio-optical factors influencing the seasonal attenuation of ultraviolet radiation in temperate coastal waters of Japan, Photochem. Photobiol, 72,193-199. 

Stellwagen NC. Electric birefringence of restriction enzyme fragments of DNA optical factor and electrical polarizability as a function of molecular weight. Biopolymers 1981 20 399-434. 

HRTEM images closely depend not only on some optical factors in the imaging process by the electron lens, but also on a scattering process of the electrons... 

The detection efficiency s(R,A) includes all geometrical and optical factors of the receiver arrangement. It can be separated into two different parameters one is related to the spectral characteristic s(A) of the detection channels (filters, monochromator, etc.), and the other, s(R), incorporates the geometrical properties, such as the overlap between the field illuminated by the laser and the telescope field of view. 

The first non-zero term of the CD strength for the carbonyl n-an A optical factor... 

When studying samples by FT-IR microscopy, there are two major optical factors to be considered if the best results are to be obtained. The two primary sources of error are ... 

The time-resolved profile refers to the variation in intensity of the detected light beam with time. The normalized time-resolved profiles of an apple (89 mm in diameter) and its cuticle (1.0 mm in thickness) are illustrated in Figure 4.2.2. The sampling time and the number of times the transmitted output power was averaged were 100 ns and 300, respectively. The time-resolved profile of the cuticle was conveniently employed as the reference. It is important to focus on some typical parameters representing the variation of the time-resolved profile. For example, variations in peak maxima, the time delay of peak maxima, and the full width at half-maximum of the profile are fundamental optical factors. The measure of attenuance (A,) is defined as follows ... 

In this discussion of time scales some reference must be made to examples of the major technical achievements, which make it possible to obtain kinetic data over a wide time scale and from responses to different perturbations. These methods, which have been selected on account of their special features and application to biological problems, will be referred to in discussions of the interpretation of the kinetic behaviour of different systems. The explanations are schematic rather than in technical detail. Many features relating to the monitoring of changes in reactant concentrations via changes in some physical parameter are common to all methods. A discussion of monitors would require chapters on electronics and optics. Factors which determine the time resolution are discussed below. 

O = optical factor r = distance from helix axis to position of transition moment r = drugiDNA phosphate ratio R = rotational strength V = dipole-dipole interaction energy a = angle = angle y = angle 6q = permittivity of vacuum = transition moment v = frequency. 

The optical factor, which is itself again composed of the intrinsic and the shape... 

The frequency-dependent response of star polymer solutions has also been studied by oscillatory flow birefringence [116]. The magnitude and the phase angle of the complex mechano-optic factor are obtained. Theoretical cal-... 

---