Binder, Stiffener

One of the earliest proposed uses for colloidal silica produced from sodium silicate by ion exhange is in ceramic cements to improve strength (475). In this type of use 

Improved bond strength in ceramic bodies is attained with mixtures of monoaluminum phosphate and colloidal silica when used with finely divided refractory powders of zircon, zirconia, or alumina (480). The reaction of P,0, with silica at relatively low temperature develops high bond strength in refractory compositions thus silica sol may be mixed with ammonium phosphate or other P,Os precursors at relatively low pH and used in minimal quantities as a binder in refractories (481,482). According to Lee, the binding properties of colloidal silica are improved by adding a soluble quaternary ammonium silicate such as tetramethylammonium silicate which is sufficiently alkaline to interact with the colloidal silica and cdhlesce it in a cement structure (483). 

A typical use of colloidal silica as a binder for refractory particles to make a refractory ceramic was described by Reuter (484), who described a castable mixture 

Very high strength gels have been made by Shoup from mixtures of potassium sili cate and colloidal silica as described under potassium polysilicate in Chapter 2, Refs. 97 and 98. Such compositions may have high binder strength in cases where the residual potassium salt is permissible. 

Refractory bodies of various types have been made from silica alone or by using silica as a binder for ceramic particles. Bergna (486) describes making transparent blocks similar to fused silica by hot pressing pure silica powder, made by spray. drying colloidal silica, at 1200 0 and 2000 psi for 5 min. 

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CrOitex. [Sybron] Acrylic cc ymers emulsions fw textile processing pigmentprinting and pad dye binder-stiffener. 

Uses Coating binder, stiffener for bleached board coatings component of paper/paperboard in contact with aq./fatty/dry foods Features Forms very rigid film on drying exc. converting props, for pkg. ... 

Moisture embrittlement must be distinguished from other forms of embrittlement. Brittleness of propellants at low temperatures is normally caused by binders which stiffen excessively with decreasing temperatures, owing to partial crystallization of the binder matrix (e.g.9 copolymers of butadiene with acrylonitrile, some hydrogenated polybutadienes, etc.). Such propellants are brittle at low temperatures whether they have been exposed to moisture or not. 

TEXAPRET C is used as filling or stiffening finish or as binder for starch and loading agents. The resistance to washing is only moderate. 

VIKON FPB is a very effective binder in heavy starch and backfilled finishes. It does not stiffen in the way many other products do, but it makes the hand more full, leathery and flexible than it would be otherwise as well as Improving the coverage. This helps to hold down pinholes or birds-eyes. 

Stiffening agent suspending agent tablet binder tablet and capsule diluent. 

In the manufacture of textile glass mats spinning strands, either cut or uncut, are deposited completely randomly and stiffened with a binder. 

Dur-O-Set . [Nat l. Starch Chem.] Polyvinyl acetate emulsions ot ethylene vinyl acetate copdymers finish-it%, sizing, stiffening agents fiv fabrics pigment binder. 

Antioxidant. Preliminary results (1994) from laboratory and field tests have indicated that the addition of hydrated lime also reduces the oxidation of the binder, which causes hardening and stiffening leading to premature failure of hot mix asphalts. The favoured method of addition of the hydrated lime is as a powder to a moist aggregate (containing 2 to 3 units of percent above the saturated surface-dried moisture content of the aggregate). 

A match consists of a shank or stick of short, thin combustible material such as wood or resin-stiffened cardboard, tipped with flammable, solid materials, often phosphorus-based, along with binders, friction enhancers, and inert materials. When heated through friction or shock as the match is struck, the tips easily ignite with sufficient heat to cause the shank to combust. Strips of cardboard matches are stapled into blocks, books, or cards, while wooden matches are often distributed in boxes ... 

Uses Binder for paper and paperboard coatings, textiles textile hand stiffener... 

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