Bilateral comparison

Based on the discussed example parameters that influence the turbulent mixing process, it is clear that plume structure can be described in general terms, but the specific characteristics are likely to be case dependent. Nevertheless, certain characteristics, such as those employed by the odor-gated rheotaxis with bilateral comparison strategy, may be similar enough to allow animals and engineered systems to track chemical plumes for a wide range of flow conditions. 

Webster, D. R., S. Rahman, and L. P. Dasi. On the usefulness of bilateral comparison to tracking turbulent chemical odor plumes. Limnol. Oceanogr. 46, 1048-1053... 

E. Hugues, O. Rochel and D. Martinez, Navigation strategies for a robot in a turbulent odor plume using bilateral comparison, 11 International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, 2003,1, pp. 381-386. 

McMahon A, Patullo BW, Macmillan DL (2005) Exploration in a T-maze by the crayfish Cherax destructor suggests bilateral comparison of antennal tactile information. Biol Bull 208 183-188... 

Indicates the degree of equivalence for SMU resulting from the subsequent bilateral comparison between SMU and PTB. 

Popovic N, Ferrara MA, Daenen B et al (2001) Imaging overuse injury of the elbow in professional team handball players a bilateral comparison using plain films, stress radiography ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Sports Med 22 60-67... 

Sackeim, H.A., Prudic, J., Devanand, D.P., Nobler, M.S., Lisanby, S.H., Peyser, S., Fitzsimons, L., Moody, B.J., and Clark, J. (2000) A prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of bilateral and right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy at different stimulus intensities. Arch Gen Psychiatry 57 425—434. 

ECT is superior in efficacy when compared with placebo, sham ECT, and active drug therapy. Upon the introduction of effective pharmacotherapy for severe depression, the relative efficacy of drug versus ECT was frequently studied. Our review of the relevant literature led to an extrapolation of the data from selected studies (primarily class I or II designs) for a quantitative analysis of the efficacy of ECT versus other treatments for an acute depressive episode ( 53). The comparisons with ECT included simulated (or sham) ECT, placebo, the standard tricyclic antidepressants, and the monoamine oxidase inhibitors [ Table 8-1 (54, 55, 56, 57, 58 and 59), Table 8 2 (0g 6i 62 and 63), Table 8-3 (56, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 and 66), and Table 8-4 (55, 60, 61, 62 and 63)]. We also compared the relative efficacy of the bilateral versus the UNID forms of administration [Table 8-5 (42, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77 and 78)]. A meta-analysis was... 

Strain JJ, Brunschwig L, Duffy JP, et al. Rosenbaum AL, Bidder TG. Comparison of therapeutic effects and memory changes with bilateral and unilateral ECT. Am J Psychiatry 1968 125 294-304. 

Halliday AM, Davison K, Browne MW, et al. A comparison of the effects on depression and memory of bilateral ECT and unilateral ECT to the dominant and non-dominant hemispheres. BrJ Psychiatry 1968 114 997-1012. 

Sackeim HA, Prudic J, Devanand DP, et al. A prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of bilateral and right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy at different stimulus intensities. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000 57 425-434. 

Bilateral application two products, paired comparison One to four times washing per day Development of dryness and erythema... 

Despite the limitations of fMRI outlined above, fMRI studies have shown similar findings to those of positron emission tomography studies in recovery after stroke (Yozbatiran and Cramer 2006 Rijntjes 2006). Increased ipsilateral primary sensorimotor cortical activity with posterior displacement of the ipsilesional focus of activity, bilateral supplementary motor area activation and premotor cortical activation occurs after stroke with use of the affected hand in comparison with use of the unaffected hand (Weiller et al. 1992 Cramer et al. 1997 Cao et al. 1998 Pineiro et at 2001). Specifically, in patients with capsular or other subcortical stroke, good recovery is related to enhanced recruitment of the lateral premotor cortex of the lesional hemisphere and lateral premotor and, to a lesser extent, primary sensorimotor and parietal cortex of the contralateral hemisphere (Gerloff et al. 2006). 

HA improved the condition of the patients from Week 6. In comparison with the baseline data, the HA group improved significantly the cognitive function, activity of daily hfe (ADL), noncognitive disorders, and overall clinical efficacy. Mild and transient adverse events (edema of bilateral ankles and insomnia) were observed in 3% of HA-treated patients. 

Casati A, Fanelli G, Beccaria P, Aldegheri G, Berti M, Senatore R, Torri G. Block distribution and cardiovascular effects of unilateral spinal anaesthesia by 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. A clinical comparison with bilateral spinal block. Minerva Anestesiol 1998 64(7-8) 307-12. 

Premonitory symptoms and aura are absent with tension-type headache. The pain usually is mild to moderate in intensity and often is described as a duU, nonpulsatile tightness or pressure. Bilateral pain is most common, but the location can vary (frontal and temporal pain are most common occipital and parietal regions also may be affected). The pain is classically described as having a hatband pattern. Associated symptoms generally are absent, but mild photophobia or phonophobia may be reported. The disability associated with tension-type headache typically is minor in comparison with migraine headache, and routine physical activity does not affect headache severity. Palpation of the pericranial or cervical muscles may reveal tender spots or localized nodules in some patients. Tension-type headache is classified as either episodic (infrequent or frequent) or chronic based on the frequency and dmation of the attacks. ... 

Wiggam Ml, Heaney AP, Mcllrath EM, et al. Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the differential diagnosis of adrenocorticotropin-dependent Cushing s syndrome a comparison with other diagnostic tests. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000 85 1525-1532. 

A rapid, minimally invasive in vivo animal model was developed to evaluate continuously the process of thrombosis on biomaterials. Goats subjected acutely to bilateral polyethylene catheters are monitored for net retention of luln-oxine platelets on the separate catheters. Comparisons between continuous scintigraphic monitoring of platelet retention and thrombus recovered at catheter retrieval show that platelet retention and thrombus growth are dynamic processes for at least the first few hours of implantation, and that platelet retention is predictive for thrombus size. Mean recovered thrombus weight is 23 mg cm, which corresponds to a 44% increase in effective radius of the catheter-thrombus combination. 

Using enbucrylate and coils Carpasso et al. (1997) reported the results of embolization in 19 women with pelvic congestion syndrome [36]. A total of 13 patients required unilateral embolization and six bilateral. Five patients developed recurrence treated successfully by embolization. Initial technical success rate was 96.7%, and there were no complications. At mean follow-up of 15.4 months, 73.7% of patients reported improved symptoms with pain relief rated as complete in 57.9%. The authors noted that the eight patients who had only partial or no relief suffered from dyspareunia and felt this was a negative prognostic factor. (By comparison, most studies report that dyspareunia is a symptom that does respond to treatment). 

Ferre, M. M., M. I. Bellissimo, J. A. Ansehno-Franci et al. Comparison of bilaterally 6-OHDA- and MPTP-lesioned rats as models of the early phase of Parkinson s disease Histological, neurechemical, motor and memory alterations. iSlUSlSSLMSilliidi 148(1), 2005 78-87. 

Ghafoori M, Hoseini K, Shakiba M. Comparison of one-side and bilateral intracavernosal papaverine injection on a Doppler study of the penis. Int J Impot... 

Fig. 26.6. Comparison of CT features between NSIP and UIP. NSIP (lefi) shows diffuse lung involvement with bilateral, peripherally located linear and reticular opacities. In UIP (right), the lung abnormalities show a typical apicobasal gradient with predominance of honeycombing...

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