Bhas 42 cells

Cell Transformation Assays (in vitro) (e.g., Balb/c 3T3, C3H10T1/2, Bhas 42 cells)... 

Sakai A, Sasaki K, Hayashi K, Muramatsu D, Arai S et al (2011) An international validation study of a Bhas 42 cell transformation assay for the prediction of chemical carcinogenicity. Mutat Res 725 57-77... 

Ohmori K, Umeda M, Tanaka N, Takagi H, Yoshimura I et at (2005) An inter-laboratory collaborative study by the Non-Genotoxic Carcinogen Study Group in Japan, on a cell transformation assay for tumour promoters using Bhas 42 cells. Altern Lab Anim 33 619-639... 

Asada S, Sasaki K, Tanaka N, Takeda K, Hayashi M et al (2005) Detection of initiating as well as promoting activity of chemicals by a novel cell transformation assay using v-Ha-ras-transfected BALB/c 3T3 cells (Bhas 42 cells). Mutat Res 588 7-21... 

Draft ECVAM Recommendation (2013) on the Cell Transformation Assay based on the Bhas 42 cell line, http //ihcp.jrc.ec.europa. eu/our labs/eurl-ecvam/eurl-ecvam-recommendations/files-bhas/EURL ECVAM Recommendation Bhas-CTA 2013.pdf... 

Poth A, Kunz S, Heppenheimer A (2007) Bhas cell transformation assay as a predictor of carcinogenicity. ALTEX 14 519-521... 

A five-compound model test mixture of polymer additives (Irganox 245, BHA, BHT, bisphenol A, Topanol CA) in CD3CN in amounts ranging from ca. 230 to 900 [tg on the column were tested with the hypernated configuration of Scheme 7.12f, using an ATR-FHR flow-cell and on-flow 500 MHz H NMR [673]. In a case of considerable technical overkill, the system was also used to identify a suspected polymer additive as being BHT. 

Sorbitan monooleate, polysorbate 80, and unsaturated polyglycolyzed glycerides (Labrafils) are components in the cyclosporin formulations Gengraf and Sandimmune. Bexarotene is a benzoic acid derivative, which is a selective activator of the retinoid X receptor indicated for the treatment of T-cell lymphoma, and is solubilized in a mixture of Polysorbate 20 and PEG 400 (in combination with povidone and BHA as an antioxidant) in 75 mg Targretin soft gelatin capsules. 

BHA has limited cytotoxic effects. When mixed with delta (9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (extracted from marijuana cigarettes), however, synergistic cytotoxicity to lung cells was observed. The study concludes that coexposure to marijuana smoke and BHA can promote deleterious health effects in the lung. I73l... 

Questions have been raised about the possible health benefits and risks posed by BHA and BHT. On the one hand, these compounds may contribute to good health by destroying substances in the body that can lead to cancer. They may also destroy the herpes virus and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Most nutritionists agree that antioxidants can be helpful in protecting cells and tissues from aging and damage by oxygen. 

During the course of screening antioxidants from plants, Baek et al. isolated a neolignan from the bark of M. officinalis [37]. A biphenyl compound, 5, 5 -di-2-propenyl-2-hydroxy-3, 2, 3 -trimethoxy-l-l -biphenyl (15), was found to have antioxidant activity similar to commercial synthetic antioxidants 2, 6-di-ter/-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) or 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA). Antioxidants are compounds that inactivate free radicals in the body. Free radicals can cause cancer since it can promote the growth of cells by initiating spontaneous mitosis. Furthermore, phenolic antioxidants in wine, especially resveratrol (16), have demonstrated the ability to inhibit human low density lipid (LDL) oxidation in vitro [38]. Frankel mentions other studies suggesting... 

Oxygen in the air oxidizes and spoils foods, solvents, and other compounds by free-radical chain reactions. Chemical intermediates may decompose or polymerize by free-radical chain reactions. Even the cells in living systems are damaged by radical reactions, which can lead to aging, cancerous mutations, or cell-death. We often want to prevent or retard free-radical reactions. Radical inhibitors are often added to food and chemicals to retard spoilage by radical chain reactions. Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is often added to food as an antioxidant. It stops oxidation by reacting with radical intermediates to form a relatively stable free radical intermediate (BHA radical). The BHA radical can react with a second free radical to form an even more stable quinone with all its electrons paired (Scheme 4.64). 

Documented effects The alkaloid spherophysine, which was isolated from the aboveground plant parts, has hypotensive activity and effects uterine action. In the form of a benzoic-acid salt, it is used for essential hypertension of the first and second degrees. Spherophysine is used for arterial hypertension, weak birthing activity (labor difficulties), and post natal bleeding (Sokolov and Zamotaev 1989). A stilbene isolated from the plant was synthesized and tested for antioxidant activity and showed superior antioxidative activity when compared to the well-known antioxidants resveratrol, vitamin C and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) (Venkateswarlu et al. 2003). Additionally, synthesized stilbenes based on naturally occurring compounds were active against leukemia and lymphoma cell lines (Tolomeo et al. 2005). 

Okubo, X. Kano, I. Stndies on estrogenic activities of food additives with human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and mechanism of estrogenicity by BHA and OPP. Yakugaku Zasshi 2003,123, 443 52 Chem. Abstr. 2003,140, 1725. 

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