Benzoyl benzoate peroxide

In this case, an o-xylylene peroxide is formed, confirmed by the isolation of the Diels-Alder adduct (53) with maleic anhydride in 70% yield, and by infrared spectroscopy. If the peroxide (52) is heated to ca. 100°, o-dibenzoylbenzene is formed in 85% yield, together with ca. 5% of 1,3-diphenyl isobenzofuran (54) and 2% phenyl o-benzoyl benzoate (55). 

Perbenzoic acid. Treatment of a cold sodium methoxide solution with a solution of pure benzoyl peroxide in chloroform affords methyl benzoate and a solution of the sodium salt of perbenzoic acid ... 

These results show that in the phenylation of thiazole with benzoyl peroxide two secondary reactions enter in competition the attack of thiazole by benzoyloxy radicals, leading to a mixture of thiazolyl benzoates, and the formation of dithiazolyle through attack of thiazole by the thiazolyl radicals resulting from hydrogen abstraction on the substrate and from the dimerization of these radicals. This last reaction is less important than in the case of thiophene but more important than in the case of pyridine (398). 

Benzoic Acid. Ben2oic acid is manufactured from toluene by oxidation in the liquid phase using air and a cobalt catalyst. Typical conditions are 308—790 kPa (30—100 psi) and 130—160°C. The cmde product is purified by distillation, crystallization, or both. Yields are generally >90 mol%, and product purity is generally >99%. Kalama Chemical Company, the largest producer, converts about half of its production to phenol, but most producers consider the most economic process for phenol to be peroxidation of cumene. Other uses of benzoic acid are for the manufacture of benzoyl chloride, of plasticizers such as butyl benzoate, and of sodium benzoate for use in preservatives. In Italy, Snia Viscosa uses benzoic acid as raw material for the production of caprolactam, and subsequendy nylon-6, by the sequence shown below. 

In the oxidative Eschenmoser sulfide contraction (Scheme 11), thioamide 59 is oxidized by benzoyl peroxide to give either a symmetrical disulfide or the O-benzoate of the thiolactam-S-oxide. In any event, the once-nucleophilic thioamide sulfur atom is now forced to adopt the role of electrophile a reactivity umpolung has, in effect, been achieved.13 The nucleophilic enamide 65 attacks the sulfur atom leading to the formation of sulfur-bridged intermediate 66. The action of a phosphine or a phosphite thiophile on the putative episulfide then gives vinylogous amidine 67. 

It lias also been suggested that photoexcited benzoyl peroxide is somewhat more susceptible to induced decomposition processes involving electron transfer than the ground state molecule. Rosenthal et c//.15 reported on redox reactions with certain salts (including benzoate ion) and neutral molecules (e.g. alcohols). 

Since the benzene emission in the thermal decomposition of benzoyl peroxide results from radical transfer by the phenyl component of a benzoyloxy-phenyl radical pair, phenyl benzoate produced by radical combination within the same pair should appear in absorption. A weak transient absorption has been tentatively ascribed to the ester (Lehnig and Fischer, 1970) but the complexity of the spectrum and short relaxation time (Fischer, personal communication) makes unambiguous assignment difficult. Using 4-chlorobenzoyl peroxide in hexachloro-acetone as solvent, however, the simpler spectrum of 4-chlorophenyl 4-chlorobenzoate is clearly seen as enhanced absorption, together with... 

FIGURE 3.5 Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of acrylic rubber (ACM)-siUca hybrid nanocomposites. The numbers after ACM (10 and 50) indicate the wt% tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) concentration. The letters preceding the numbers indicate the ACM-silica samples cross-linked from benzoyl peroxide (B) and a mixed cross-linker hexamethylene diamine carbamate and ammonium benzoate (D). The numbers over the absorption peaks are the wave numbers corresponding to absorbance of those peaks. (From Bandyopadhyay, A., Bhowmick, A.K., and De Sarkar, M., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 93, 2579, 2004. Courtesy of Wiley InterScience.)... 

Phenyl radical, side by side with methyl radical, carbon dioxide and methyl benzoate, was also stabilized in an inert matrix as a product of UV photolysis of acetyl(benzoyl)peroxide [112] (Pacansky and Brown, 1983). Of nine IR bands of the radical C6H5, intense absorption at 710 cmwhich was shifted to 519 cm for the deuterium-labelled radical C Ds, has been assigned to out-of-plane CH deformation. The bands of the phenyl radical... 

Let us consider the mechanism of initiation in greater detail, taking benzoyl peroxide as an example. It may be assumed to dissociate initially into benzoate radicals, as previously indicated by reaction (2). 

The simplest method for preparing alkylene oxides involves the use of benzoyl peroxide (Prileschaiev). In absolute ether or, still better, in benzene solution, it is broken by sodium ethoxide into the sodium salt of perbenzoic acid and ethyl benzoate.1... 

Fig. 3-1 Square root dependence of the polymerization rate Rp on the initiator concentration [I], — Methyl methacrylate, benzoyl peroxide, 50°C. After Schulz and Blaschke [1942] (by permission of Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Geest and Portig K.-G., Leipzig), o, — Vinyl benzoate, azobisisobutyronitrile, 60°C. After Santee et al. [1964] and Vrancken and Smets [1959] (by permission of Huthig and Wepf Verlag, Basel and Wiley-VCH, Weinheim).

Burton et al. reported the assay of benzoic acid, ethyl benzoate, and benzoyl peroxide in dermatological gels and lotions [33]. These workers used a Waters p-Bondapak C g column and UV detection at 254-nm. A mixture of 50% aqueous acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase. 

Wear nitrile rubber gloves, laboratory coat, and eye protection. Work in the fume hood or behind safety shield. Stir the dampened benzoyl peroxide with 10% sodium hydroxide solution (10 mL for each 1 g of peroxide) for 24 hours. The resultant sodium benzoate may be poured into the drain with at least 50 times its volume of water.15... 

Place approximately 2.5 mL styrene in a 16/18 X 150-mm Pyrex test tube. Add 3 drops of /-butyl benzoyl peroxide (/-butyl peroxide benzoate) initiator. Mix the solution. 

In titanium acylates, the carboxylate ligands are unidentate, not bidentate, as shown by ir studies (333,334). The ligands are generally prepared from the halide and silver acylate (335). The benzoate is available also from a curious oxidative addition with benzoyl peroxide (335—338) ... 

Some reactions between organometallic compounds and peroxides have been reported. Razuvaev and co-workers (5) observed an exothermic reaction between triethylaluminum and benzoyl peroxide in benzene. At a reaction temperature of 25°-30°C. the reaction gave diethylaluminum benzoate and ethyl benzoate. At higher temperature... 

Examples of very highly sensitive substances are mixture of chlorates-red phosphorus, paper cracker, lead azide, and DDNP. High sensitivity substances are dynamite(powder), PETN(powder), HMX(powder), RDX(powder), tetryKpowder), picric acid(powder), TNT(powder), and benzoyl peroxide (powder). Medium-sensitivity substances are the modem safety industrial explosives (slurry explosives, ammonium nitrate explosives), black powder, AIBN, and t-butyl-benzoate. Among low sensitivity substances are non-cap explosives dinitro benzene, dinitropentamethylenetetramine, ANFO, ammonium nitrate, nitromethane, dinitrotoluene, and cast TNT. 

Benzoylbenzene, 458 Benzoyl Peroxide, 43 Benzyl Acetate, 458, 570, 608 Benzyl Alcohol, 458, 570, 646 Benzyl Benzoate, 458, 647 Benzyl Butyrate, 458, 647 Benzyl n-Butyrate, 458 Benzyl Cinnamate, 458, 647 Benzyl Formate, 460, 608 Benzyl Isobutyrate, 460, 608 Benzyl Isovalerate, 460, 648, (Sl)60 Benzyl 3-Methyl Butyrate, 460 Benzyl 2-Methyl Propionate, 460 Benzyl Phenylacetate, 460, 608 Benzyl Propanoate, 460 Benzyl Propionate, 648 Benzyl Salicylate, 460, 682 Bergamot Oil, Coldpressed, 44, 575 beta Cyclodextrin, (Sl)15 Beta-1,3-Glucan, (S3)15 BHA, 44 BHT, 45... 

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