Benzoic acid, cellulose esters

Benzimidazole derivatives, III, 161 Benzimidazole rule of rotation, I, 21 1,3-Benzodioxan, 8,8 -methyIenebis(6- nitro-), III, xvii Benzoic acid, cellulose esters, I, 320 labelled with isotopic C, III, 231 starch esters, I, 302, 303 —, 2,4-dihydroxy-, effect on conductivity of boric acid, IV, 195 —, 2,4,5-trihydroxy-, effect on conductivity of boric acid, IV, 195 —, 3,4,5-trihydroxy-. See Gallic acid. 

Lx)ng-chain fatty acid cellulose esters were synthesized by the acid-chloride-pyridine reaction with different degrees of substitution. Hydrolyzed soybean oil was used as an unsaturated fatty acid [82]. The preparation of cellulose esters with substituted benzoic acids in the presence of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in pyridine was investigated [83]. The substituents included NO2, Cl, Me, and MeO. The substituent and its position (ortho, meta, or para) did not influence the reaction significantly. 

A13-00525 Benzoic acid, methyl ester CCRIS 5851 Clorius EINECS 202-259-7 Essence of niobe FEMA No, 2683 HSDB 5283 Methyl benzenecarboxylate Methyl benzoate Methylester kyseliny benzoove Niobe oil NSC 9394 Oil of niobe UN2938. Used in perfumery, as a solvent for cellulose esters and ethers, resins, rubber flavoring. Liquid mp = -15° bp = 199° d = 1.0933 insoluble in H2O, soluble in organic solvents Xm = 228,272,280 nm (s = 11000, 830, 686, MeOH) LDso (rat orl) n 1177 mg/kg. Lancaster Synthesis Co. Morflex Penta Mfg. Pentagon Chems. Ltd Sybron. 

Aminoethylcellulose Perchlorate Vol l,p A204 R Cellulose Benzoates ate esters of cellulose benzoic acid. The mono- and di-benzoates were prepd by treating cellulose in alk soln with benzoyl chloride. Tri-benzoate was reported to have been prepd by the action of benzoyl chloride pyridine on cellulose at 110-30° in the presence of nitrobenzene. The prod is sol in chlf nitrobenz(Ref 6)... 

Glaessner, Austria, 1931), ammoniacal bleached shellac (Wruble, 1933), stearic acid, carnauba wax, petrolatum, elm bark, and agar (Miller, 1935, and Worton, 1938), and abietic, oleic, and benzoic acids with methyl abietate (Eldred, 1937). Since 1940, research on enteric coatings has focused on the synthesis of resinous polymers, which are insoluble in acids, such as cellulose acetate phthalate (Hiatt, 1940) and a glycerol-stearic acid-phthalic anhydride ester (Volweiler and Moore, 1940). 

Investigations of the cellulose esters of benzoic acid have so far not led to products of commercial interest. Benzoyl chloride reacts in the presence of pyridine at elevated temperatures, most suitably by the use of a higher boiling neutral solvent as diluent." Benzoyl derivatives have also been prepared by the reaction of the acid chloride on alkali cellulose. A combination of pyridine and alkali has been reported to be advantageous."... 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) 1,3-Benzenediol, monobenzoate Benzoic acid, m-hydroxyphenyl ester BRN 1873897 Eastman Inhibitor RMB EINECS 205-241-7 3-Hydroxyphenyl benzoate NSC 4807 Resorcinol monobenzoate. Industrial grade UV absorber/stabilizer for cellulosic plastics and PVC formulations. White crystalline solid mp = 133-135" insoluble in H2O, CeHe, soluble in EtOH, MezCO LDso (rat orl) = 1600 mg/kg. Eastman Chem. Co Monomer -Polymer Dajac. 

Polyester fibers are composed of linear chains of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which produces benzene, benzoic acid, biphenyl, and vinyl terephthalate on pyrolysis. Acrylic fibers comprise chains made up of acrylonitrile units, usually copolymerized with less than 15% by weight of other monomers, e.g., methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, or vinylpyrrolidone. Thermolysis results in the formation of acrylonitrile monomer, dimers, and trimers with a small amount of the copolymer or its pyrolysis product. In this case, the acrylic is Orion 28, which contains methyl vinyl pyridine as comonomer. Residual dimethyl formamide solvent from the manufacturing process is also found in the pyrolysis products. Cotton, which is almost pure cellulose, comprises chains of glucose units. The pyrolysis products of cellulose, identified by GC/MS, include carbonyl compounds, acids, methyl esters, furans, pyrans, anhydrosugars, and hydrocarbons. The major pyrolysis products are levoglucosan (1,6-anhydro-B-D-glucopyranose) and substituted furans. 

Many cellulose derivatives form lyotropic liquid crystals in suitable solvents and several thermotropic cellulose derivatives have been reported (1-3) Cellulosic liquid crystalline systems reported prior to early 1982 have been tabulated (1). Since then, some new substituted cellulosic derivatives which form thermotropic cholesteric phases have been prepared (4), and much effort has been devoted to investigating the previously-reported systems. Anisotropic solutions of cellulose acetate and triacetate in tri-fluoroacetic acid have attracted the attention of several groups. Chiroptical properties (5,6), refractive index (7), phase boundaries (8), nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (9,10) and differential scanning calorimetry (11,12) have been reported for this system. However, trifluoroacetic acid causes degradation of cellulosic polymers this calls into question some of the physical measurements on these mesophases, because time is required for the mesophase solutions to achieve their equilibrium order. Mixtures of trifluoroacetic acid with chlorinated solvents have been employed to minimize this problem (13), and anisotropic solutions of cellulose acetate and triacetate in other solvents have been examined (14,15). The mesophase formed by (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) in water (16) is stable and easy to handle, and has thus attracted further attention (10,11,17-19), as has the thermotropic mesophase of HPC (20). Detailed studies of mesophase formation and chain rigidity for HPC in dimethyl acetamide (21) and for the benzoic acid ester of HPC in acetone and benzene (22) have been published. Anisotropic solutions of methylol cellulose in dimethyl sulfoxide (23) and of cellulose in dimethyl acetamide/ LiCl (24) were reported. Cellulose tricarbanilate in methyl ethyl ketone forms a liquid crystalline solution (25) with optical properties which are quite distinct from those of previously reported cholesteric cellulosic mesophases (26). 

As well as the p-hydroxybenzoate esters, sorbic and benzoic acids are also often used in food technology as preservatives. According to Copitjs-Peereboom [20], these preservatives may be satisfactorily separated on cellulose layers (Firm 83) using n-butanol-35% ammonium hydroxide-water (70 + 20 + 10) at chamber saturation. Visualisation is performed with a bromophenol blue-methyl red solution (Rgt. No. 29), followed by spraying with permanganate solution. 

Gray s group also prepared the propanoate of (2-hydroxypropyl)cellulose (PPC or C3PC) from the esterification reaction of HPC (Mw = 100,000 g/mol) and propionyl chloride or propionic anhydride in acetone (Tseng et al. 1982). The appearance and behavior of the polymer is similar to APC, however this ester displayed iridescent colors at room temperature. In the same year (Bhadani and Gray 1982), the synthesis of the benzoic acid ester of HPC (BzPC) from the reaction of the aromatic benzoyl chloride with HPC in pyridine was described. The polymer showed a thermotropic liquid crystalline phase below 160 °C. Benzoic acid ester of HPC was fractionated from acetone solution by precipitation with methanol-water and polymers with different molecular weights were obtained (Bhadani et al. 1983). 

The effect of the degree erf polarization of the ester linkages in low-molecular-weight esters on their reactivity has been examined by studying the reaction of alcoholysis, with cellulose, of methyl esters of benzoic, p-chloro-, p-hydroxy, p-hydroxy-, p- and o-nitrobenzoic acids, and those of phenyl-, phenoxy-, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy- and monochloro-acetic adds. The trans-esterification reaction was carried out in non-aqueous dimeih ylformamide in the presence of catalysts (sodium methylate, cadmium acetate, p-toluenesulphonic add) at 110-140° C. 

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