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Benzene tobacco smoke

The number of clear human epidemiologic studies is small. A total of approximately 50 compounds (c.g., benzene, vinyl chloride) and complex e.xposures (e.g., aluminum production, tobacco smoke) have sufficient data available to permit their classification as human carcinogens. The most potent human carcinogens known, the aflatoxins. are of natural origin. Their presence in food products through infestation by toxin-producing fungi constitute a serious problem in several tropical and subtropical countries. [Pg.338]

Some fused benzene rings have been implicated as carcinogens (cancer-causing agents). Several of these are found in tobacco smoke. [Pg.207]

The California Air Resources Board has prepared risk assessments for a number of toxic airborne compounds and mixtures, designated as toxic air contaminants, TACs (Table 16.15). For example, risk assessments for individual compounds such as benzene, benzo[a]pyrene (see Chapter 10), formaldehyde, and vinyl chloride have been carried out, in addition to complex mixtures such as diesel exhaust (California Air Resources Board, 1997a) and environmental tobacco smoke (California Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). These risk assessment documents form the basis for controls imposed as part of the risk management process (e.g., see Seiber, 1996). [Pg.925]

Epidemiological and Human Dosimetry Studies. A large segment of the US. population is exposed to benzene. This exposure occurs primarily as a result of benzene emitted to the air from tobacco smoke, gasoline stations, and automobile exhaust. Benzene has been found in about a third of the NPL hazardous waste sites. The magnitude of exposure is greater for those occupationally exposed. [Pg.261]

Melikian, A.A. American Health Foundation Valhalla, NY Biological markers for tobacco smoke exposure to benzene NCI... [Pg.270]

Adlkofer F, Scherer G, Conze C, et al. 1990. Significance of exposure to benzene and other toxic compounds through environmental tobacco smoke. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 116(6) 591-598. [Pg.356]

Scherer G, Ruppert T, Daube H, et al. 1995. Contribution of tobacco smoke to environmental benzene exposure in Germany. Environ Int 21(6) 779-789. [Pg.412]

Thomas KW, Pellizzari ED, Clayton CA, et al. 1993. Temporal variability of benzene exposures for residents in several New Jersey homes with attached garages or tobacco smoke. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 3(l) 49-73. [Pg.418]

The Hiickel rule is strictly applicable only to monocyclic compounds, but the general concept of aromaticity can be extended beyond simple mono-cyclic compounds to include polycyclic aromatic compounds. Naphthalene, with two benzene-like rings fused together, anthracene, 1,2-benzpyrene, and coronene are all well-known compounds. Benzolalpyrene is particularly interesting because it is one of the cancer-causing substances that has been isolated from tobacco smoke,... [Pg.577]

Beryllium, chromium, isocyanates, mercury, phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride Asbestos, silica, metals, toluene, oxidant gases, tobacco smoke, benzene, toluene Formaldehyde, isocyanates, ethylenediamine... [Pg.2263]

Smoking enhances the immunotoxicity of aromatic solvents. Tobacco smoke and organic solvents acting alone are immunotoxins that reduce antibody levels in blood serum. The reduction of serum IgA, IgG, and IgM levels are enhanced (relative to solvent or smoking effects alone) when smokers are occupationally exposed to benzene and its homologs. I65l... [Pg.238]

Both tobacco smoke and aromatic organic solvents when acting separately diminish serum immunoglobulin levels in humans. Tobacco smoke as well as benzene and its homologs decrease serum IgA and IgG levels. Tobacco smokers also have reduced IgM levels. The serum of tobacco smokers occupationally exposed to benzene and its homologs has been shown to have levels of all three immunoglobulins reduced to a greater... [Pg.422]

In Fig. 4, the relative contribution of individual airborne hazardous pollutants to lung cancer rates are presented. The results presented in Fig. 4 were obtained after removing cancer incidents that are directly attributable to tobacco smoke which primarily is an indoor pollutant. As seen from this figure the PIC (which includes PAH), 1,3-butadiene, benzene, and formaldehyde, which are produced by all combus-tion/incineration processes, were the largest contributors to lung cancer, representing in excess of 50% of the risk, far more than dioxins. However, because different chemicals target different parts of the body. [Pg.1384]

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a class of compounds that contain two or more fused benzene rings. They are environmental pollutants and the most ubiquitous, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), has been upgraded by the International Agency for Research on Cancer to a Group 1 or known human carcinogen [1]. PAHs are products of fossil fuel combustion they are a component of fine particulate matter (size 2.5pm) and as a consequence contaminate the air we breathe, the soil and water supply, and enter the food chain [2, 3]. They are also introduced artificially into smoked, cured, and barbecued food [4, 5], Finally, they are present as a complex mixture in tobacco smoke and second-hand smoke, and are suspect causative agents in human lung cancer [6]. [Pg.131]

In ifs 1986 review of tobacco smoke componenfs and fheir relafionship to healfh, fhe lARC (1870) discussed only fhree monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, namely, benzene, mefh-ylbenzene (toluene), and efhenylbenzene (sfyrene) ... [Pg.47]


See other pages where Benzene tobacco smoke is mentioned: [Pg.15]    [Pg.15]    [Pg.532]    [Pg.203]    [Pg.261]    [Pg.23]    [Pg.1161]    [Pg.172]    [Pg.1276]    [Pg.469]    [Pg.149]    [Pg.16]    [Pg.82]    [Pg.190]    [Pg.268]    [Pg.285]    [Pg.286]    [Pg.303]    [Pg.150]    [Pg.532]    [Pg.440]    [Pg.441]    [Pg.2591]    [Pg.2863]    [Pg.230]    [Pg.423]    [Pg.539]    [Pg.55]    [Pg.138]    [Pg.195]    [Pg.69]    [Pg.167]    [Pg.47]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.360 ]




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