Benzalkonium salts

Used for strong and weak bases, benzalkonium salts, and catecholamines... 

Alkyl and aryl sulfonates, e.g., methane or heptane sulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid For strong and weak bases, benzalkonium salts, catecholamines... 

Quaternary amines, e.g. tetramethyl-, tetrabutyl-, palmityltrimethylammonium Tertiary amines, e.g. trioctylamine Alkyl- and arylsulphonates, e.g. methane-and heptanesulphonate, camphorsulphonic acid Perchloric acid Alkylsulphates, e.g. laurylsulphate Strong and weak acids, sulphonated dyes, carboxylic acids Sulphonates Strong and weak bases, benzalkonium salts, catecholamines Very strong ion pairs with many basic samples Similar to sulphonic acids, different selectivity... 

Monoalkyltrimethylammonium salts Dialkyldimethylammonium salts Benzalkonium salts Alkylpyridinium salts... 

Mixtures of groups 1 and 2, De-quaternisation of the benzalkonium salt by treatment with iodide, extraction of benzyl iodide and tertiary amine, titration with iodate [1]. The tertiary amine can be titrated with acid if useful. 

Called benzalkonium salts, these are widely used, especially in pharmaceuticals. Both benzyltrialkyl and alkylbenzyltrialkyl compounds are common. Typical products contain a range of alkyl chain lengths. 

The compendial method for assay of benzalkonium chloride is based upon reversal of the quaternization reaction. The compound is reacted with Nal, the benzyl iodide and tertiary amine are removed by extraction, and the iodide consumed is determined by titration with KIO3 (9). The alkyl chain length distribution is determined by HPLC. Other tests for characterization of benzalkonium salts are similar to those performed on alkyl quaternaries. These salts are also readily determined by two-phase or potentiometric titration with an anionic surfactant. 

Sakai, T., Extraction-spectrophotometric determination of benzethonium and benzalkonium salts with bromocresol green and quinine. Anal. Chim. Acta, 1983,147,331-337. 

Fig. 10.8 A where the R substituents are alkyl or heterocyclic radicals to give compounds such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (cetrimide), cetylpyridinium chloride and benzalkonium chloride. Inspection of the stmctures of these compounds (Fig. 10.8B) indicates the requirement for good antimicrobial activily of having a chain length in the range Cg to Cig in at least one of the R substituents. In the pyridinium compounds (Fig. 10.8C) three of the four covalent links may be satisfied by the nitrogen in a pyridine ring. Polymeric quaternary ammonium salts such as polyquatemium 1 are finding increasing use as preservatives.

Quaternary ammonium salts are organically substituted nitrogen compounds in which the nitrogen atom is pentavalent. Four of the substituents are alkyl, aryl or heterocyclic radicals and the fifth is an anion (a cationic charge). This anion is mostly chloride. Therefore we call them benzalkonium chlorides. 

Morimoto, K. Uehara, Y. Iwanaga, K. Kakemi, M. Ohashi, Y. Tanaka, A. Nakai, Y. Influence of absorption enhancers (bile salts) and the preservative (benzalkonium chloride) on mucociliary function and permeation barrier function in rabbit tracheas. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 1998, 6 (3), 225-230. 

Cases of allergic conjnnctivitis and blepharitis have been reported with the preservatives benzalkonium chloride and mercnrial salts, althongh benzalkonium at the commonly nsed concentration of 0.01% produces no evident damage. These adverse reactions can be prevented by rinsing hard lenses in clean water before insertion in the eye and by boihng soft lenses in normal saline after cleaning. 

Shah D, Ecanow B, Balagot R. Goacervate formation by inorganic salts with benzalkonium chloride. J Pharm Sci 1973 62 1741-1742. 

All main bile salts (glyco- and taurocholate, deoxycholate and chenodeoxycho-late) have the same effects on HGL activity which increases up to a bile salt concentration of around 3 mM for a single species and 4 mM for a mixture of bile salts. However, it is worth noting that synthetic detergents (Triton X-100, Tween, benzalkonium chloride) that dramatically decrease surface tension (<8mN/m), actually inhibit HGL. 

Quats (benzalkonium chloride) Bacteria (less effective on gram-negative bacteria), yeasts, and mold 3-10.5 200-1000 ppm 0.2-3.0 Inactivated by anionics and hard water salts... 

Benzalkonium, cetylpyridinium (quaternary ammonium salts) Pharmaceutical formulations 1,2-dichloroethane UV—Vis 5.0 x 1CU7—2.0 x 10 6 mol L 1 C-FIA membrane for phase separation ion association extraction and thermochromism of the ion associates [453]... 

Quaternary ammonium salts that have a very long carbon chain, sometimes caUed "quats," are used as disinfectants and antiseptics because they have detergent activity. Two popular quats are benzalkonium chloride (Zephiran) and cetylp)n-i-dinimn chloride, found in the mouthwash Cepacol. 

Skin. Immediately flood exposed areas with water. Then soak in a solution of Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) or calcium immediate topical use of calcium or magnesium may prevent deep bums. Some facilities that frequently manage HF cases purchase or prepare a 2.5% calcium gluconate gel (in water-based jelly), and this can be highly effective if applied immediately. Soaking in a dilute benzalkonium chloride (Zephiran) solution has been advocated as an alternative to calcium. 

Alkyltrimethylammonium salts (cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, cetyl trimethylammonium chloride), cetylpyridinium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, 5-bromo-5-nitro-l,3-dioxane, dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride, cetrimonium bromide, dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide... 

Some quaternary ammonium salts are important because they have disinfectant properties. For example, benzalkonium chloride (Zephiran ) is a well-known antiseptic compound that kills many pathogenic (disease-causing) bacteria and fungi on contact ... 

Variquat 80MC [Goldschmidt http //www.goidschmidt.com], Vikol RQ [Vikon] Zoharquat 50 [Zohar Detergent Factory http //www.zohar.co.if]-, Zoharquat 80 [Zohar Detergent Factory http //www.zohar.co.il] Benzalkonium saccharinate CAS 68989-01-5 El NECS/ELINCS 273-545-7 Synonyms Alkyl dimethyl benzalkonium saccharinate Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium saccharinate Ammonium, alkylbenzyidimethyl-, saccharinate Quaternary ammonium compds., benzyl-C12-18-alkyldimethyl, salts with 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (1 1)... 

Quaternary ammonium compds., benzyl-C12-18-alkyldimethyl, salts with 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (1 1). See Benzalkonium saccharinate... 

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