Behavioral model interpretation

Innocenti et al. have studied the kinetics [101] of two-dimensional phase transitions of sulfide and halide ions, as well as electrosorption valency [102] of these ions adsorbed on Ag(lll). The electrode potential was stepped up from the value negative enough to exclude anionic adsorption to the potential range providing stability of either the first or the second, more compressed, ordered overlayer of the anions. The kinetic behavior was interpreted in terms of a model that accounts for diffusion-controlled random adsorption of the anions, followed by the progressive polynucleation and growth. 

Trace element compositions of airborne particles are important for determining sources and behavior of regional aerosol, as emissions from major sources are characterized by their elemental composition patterns. We have investigated airborne trace elements in a complex regional environment through application of receptor models. A subset (200) of fine fraction samples collected by Shaw and Paur (1,2) in the Ohio River Valley (ORV) and analyzed by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) were re-analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The combined data set, XRF plus INAA, was subjected to receptor-model interpretations, including chemical mass balances (CMBs) and factor analysis (FA). Back trajectories of air masses were calculated for each sampling period and used with XRF data to select samples to be analyzed by INAA. 

Wang X, Hsing IM, Leng YJ, Yue PL (2001) Model interpretation of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization behavior of H2/CO mixture oxidation in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 46(28)4397-405... 

Other models include the olfactory bulbectomy model (Song and Leonard, 2005). Lesions of the olfactory bulb cause behavioral changes, interpreted to result from disturbed function of the limbic system. These behaviors are reversed by chronic antidepressant administration. 

By 1935, the current model of the atom had evolved. This model explains electron behavior by interpreting the emission spectra of aU the elements. It pictures energy levels as regions of space where there is a high probability of finding electrons. Before going on to the modern atomic theory, take another look at what you already know about atoms and electrons. 

Suspensions of colloidal gibbsite platelets of very large thickness polydispersity but of rather monodisperse diameter display a very unusual phenomenon [79]. In a limited range of volume fraction, these suspensions demix into a nematic upper phase in coexistence with an isotropic bottom phase. This is in stark contrast with the usual case where the nematic phase is denser than the isotropic one. This behavior was interpreted as due to a fractionation effect related to the strong thickness polydispersity as the thicker platelets are largely expelled from the nematic phase and preferentially occupy the isotropic phase. Note that a theoretical model was especially developed in order to account for these quite peculiar observations [80]. Moreover, this model predicts that the nematic phase may demix into two separate nematic phases of differing densities and compositions. 

Temperature Dependence. At room temperature the exponential phosphorescence decay is absent, presumably because of the removal of triplet states by the temperature sensitive quenching process found at low temperatures. The decay from 5 /xsec. to 5 msec, did not fit any simple decay scheme although the mean slope of the decay on a log-log plot was —1. In the first 200 psec. after irradiation the room temperature emission is more intense than at 93 °K. A similar temperature dependence of the luminescence of anthracene crystals has been observed following ultraviolet excitation (1, 23). This behavior was interpreted as being caused by the enhanced intersystem crossing to the triplet states at the higher temperatures. This model, however, would not explain why the luminescence intensity of hot adenine powder in Figure 7 was lower than... 

The whole phenomenology of phase behavior and emulsion inversion was interpreted wifli a butterfly catastrophe model with amazing quahtative matching between theory and experiment. The phase behavior model used the Maxwell convention which allows the system to split into several states, i.e., phases at equilibrium. On the other hand, the emulsion-type model allows for only one state (emulsion type) at the time, with eventually catastrophic transition and hysteresis, according to the perfect delay convention. The fact that the same model potential permits the interpretation of the phase behavior and of the emulsion inver sion (204, 206) is a symptomatic hint that both phe-nomenologies are linked, probably through formulation and water/oil composition which are two of the four manipula-ble parameters in the butterfly catastrophe potential. 

X. Wang, I.-M Using, Y.-J. Leng, and P.-L. Yue [2001] Model Interpretation of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Polarization Behavior of H2/CO Mixture Oxidation in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells, Electrochim. Acta 46, 4397 05. 

ABSTRACT. This paper reports the unusual relaxation effect in the Fe Mossbauer spectra of o -cyclodextrin( y -cyclopentadienyl)( y -ethylcyclopentadienyl)iron(II) clathrate. At low temperatures it consists of a simple quadrupole doublet. However, the Mdssbauer spectrum collapses to a broad peak at 320 K. This behavior is interpreted in terms of a model that a ferrocene molecule in the cavity of clathrate lattices rotates as temperature is raised.v The relaxation reaches a critical rate, a lifetime of the excited nuclear state. The relaxation time for the reorientation of ( y -cyclj pentadienyl) ( y-... 

The dynamic behavior is in agreement with the interpretation from the simple behavioral model as depicted in Fig. 1.5. The thermometer behaves like a first-order system with a mercury height which varies linearly with the temperature. 

Chapter 5 is a fairly detailed discussion of the linear viscoelastic behavior of melts. The most used linear properties are the zero-shear viscosity and the storage and loss moduli, and the effects of molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and branching on these properties are described. While the approach is primarily phenomenological, melt behavior is interpreted qualitatively in terms of the molecular models that are presented in mathematical detail in later chapters. 

The mathematical representation of the elastic behavior of oriented heterogeneous solids can be somewhat improved through a more appropriate choice of the boundary conditions such as proposed by Hashin and Shtrikman [66] and Stern-stein and Lederle [86]. In the case of lamellar polymers the formalisms developed for reinforced materials are quite useful [87—88]. An extensive review on the experimental characterization of the anisotropic and non-linear viscoelastic behavior of solid polymers and of their model interpretation had been given by Hadley and Ward [89]. New descriptions of polymer structure and deformation derive from the concept of paracrystalline domains particularly proposed by Hosemann [9,90] and Bonart [90], from a thermodynamic treatment of defect concentrations in bundles of chains according to the kink and meander model of Pechhold [10—11], and from the continuum mechanical analysis developed by Anthony and Kroner [14g, 99]. 

The long term behavior of any system (3) is described by so-called invariant measures a probability measure /r is invariant, iff fi f B)) = ft(B) for all measurable subsets B C F. The associated invariant sets are defined by the property that B = f B). Throughout the paper we will restrict our attention to so-called SBR-measures (cf [16]), which are robust with respect to stochastic perturbations. Such measures are the only ones of physical interest. In view of the above considerations about modelling in terms of probabilities, the following interpretation will be crucial given an invariant measure n and a measurable set B C F, the value /r(B) may be understood as the probability of finding the system within B. 

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